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Ezz El-Dine Ahmed Mourad Zulficar (Egyptian Arabic: عز الدين ذو الفقار, ‘Ezz ad-Dīne Zū al-Fiqār; October 28, 1919 – July 1, 1963) was an Egyptian film director, screenwriter, actor and producer known for his distinctive style, which blends romance and action. Zulficar is widely regarded one of the most influential filmmakers in Egyptian Cinema's golden age.[1][2][3]

ORE Ezz El-Dine Zulficar
عزالدين ذو الفقار
Zulficar in 1960
Born	Ezz El-Dine Ahmed Mourad Zulficar (1919-10-28)October 28, 1919 Cairo, Egypt
Died	July 1, 1963(1963-07-01) (aged 43) Cairo, Egypt
Nationality	Egyptian
Alma mater	Egyptian Military Academy
Occupation	Military officer film director film producer screenwriter actor
Spouses	Faten Hamama ​ ​ (m. 1947; div. 1954)​ Kawthar Shafik ​ (m. 1954)​
Children	Dina • Nadia
Parents	Ahmed Mourad Bey Zulfikar (father) Nabila Hanem Zulfikar (mother)
Honours	Order of the Republic - Grand Cordon
Military career
Allegiance	Egypt
Service/branch	Egyptian Armed Forces
Years of service	1940–1947
Rank	Captain

Early life

Ezz El-Dine Ahmed Mourad Zulficar was born on 28 October 1919, his father Ahmed Mourad Bek Zulfikar was a senior director of police and his mother Nabila Hanem Zulfikar was a housewife. He was the fifth among eight siblings. His brother Mohamed who would grow up to be a businessman, Soad, Fekreya, Mahmoud Zulfikar, who would grow up to be a director and actor. They were followed by brothers Kamal, Salah Zulfikar, the famous actor and producer and finally Mamdouh who would grow up to be a businessman. Ezz Eldine's childhood shaped his personality, for he was attracted to sports in general, especially wrestling, swimming, and gymnastics in which he won some school championships. He was an avid reader and loved to listen to classical music. He was into buying every new record released in Egypt; a hobby he cherished until his death.

Zulficar was introduced to the cinematic world at the age of nine when his elder brother Mahmoud took him to the cinema theatre to watch Egyptian and foreign films. His passion for cinema was evident when he would watch three films in a row. If he particularly liked one movie he would watch it several times.

Career

Zulficar was a prodigy. He received a scholarship and studied astronomy. After high school, he joined the Military College to please his father, although Zulficar didn't object to the idea itself, for he saw that learning military studies would widen his perceptions. During that period, he was acquainted with a number of prominent figures that shaped Egyptian politics later on, such as presidents Gamal Abdel Nasser and Anwar El Sadat, Yusuf Sibai and Tharwat Okasha and other members of the Free Officers Movement, who mounted the July 1952 Revolution. And later he was nominated twice for Minister of Culture position, but he turned down the state position for he loved film career.

He graduated from the military faculty and later became a captain. Despite being a distinguished officer, a tragic event shook Zulficar to the core. His father, to whom he was very close, died. He suffered a depression and his brothers advised him to change his lifestyle and career. And indeed, he resigned with the rank of captain in the artillery corps to start a career in the movie business.[2][4]

At that point, Zulficar remembered his strong friendship with director Kamal Selim and their cinematic discussions. Through Selim he got to know a number of coevals who became directors: Mohamed Abdel-Gawad, Salah Abu Seif, Kamel El-Telmissany and Fatin Abdel Wahab, who had just resigned from the Armed Forces and began working in cinema. He was influenced by his brother, Mahmoud Zulfikar, who was an actor, director, actor and screenwriter. He started as director Mohamed Abdel Gawad's assistant. In 1947, he directed his first film, Prisoner of Darkness (أسير الظلام, “Aseer al-Zalam”). One of his most successful movies as a director was Back Again (رُدّ قلبي, "Rod Qalby") (1957) which was featured for six weeks in Cairo's cinemas. Not to mention his masterpiece; The River of Love (1960) starring Omar Sharif.[5][6]

In the late 1950s, Zulficar started Ezz El-Dine Zulficar Films, a production company with this younger brother Salah Zulfikar, together they produced major films including The Second Man (الرجل الثاني, “Al Rajul Al Thani”) (1959), Among the Ruins (بين الأطلال, “Bain Al Atlal”) (1959) and Struggle of the Heroes (صراع الأبطال, “Sira’ Al Abtal”) (1962). After, Zulficar's death in 1963, Salah Zulfikar continued running the company.

Zulficar also acted in Khulud (خُلود, "Immortality") along with Hamama. As a writer he was quite successful. He wrote scripts and stories for almost 30 films. His last work was the direction and scriptwriting for the film, Appointment at the Tower (موعد في البُرج, "Maw'ed Fi al-Borg") (1962) starring Salah Zulfikar and Soad Hosny. Ezz-El Dine Zulficar directed 3 films in Top 100 Egyptian films of the 20th century.[7]

Personal life

Zulficar met Faten Hamama while filming the Abu Zayd al-Hilali (أبو زيد الهلالي, “Abuzeid al-Hilali”) (1947), which he directed. The two fell in love and married each other. The couple had a daughter, Nadia Zulficar. Their marriage would only last for seven years, as the couple divorced in 1954. The two remained friends, and Hamama even acted in his movies after the divorce.[8]

Afterwards, Zulficar fell in love with the beautiful actress Kawthar Shafik. This love story resulted with marriage in 1954. The couple had one daughter, Dina Zulficar. They remained married until his death in 1963.

Death

Ezz El-Dine Zulficar died at the age of 43 on July 1, 1963 in Cairo, Egypt. Despite his young age, he left a great legacy in the history of Egyptian Cinema.

Honours

•  Egypt: Grand Cordon of the Order of the Republic for science and arts.[9]

Selected awards

Ezz El-Dine Zulficar has received several awards throughout his career, including:

• The second state prize in directing for the film I'm the Past 1951.
• Prize of the Egyptian Catholic Center Film Festival for the film Wafaa, 1953
• Prize of the Egyptian Catholic Center Film Festival for the film Appointment with Life in 1953.
• The Lebanese Press Award for the film Appointment with Life in 1953.
• State Prize for the best story for film, Portsaid in 1957.
• State Prize in Production for Struggle of the Heroes in 1963.
• State Prize for Screenplay for Struggle of the Heroes in 1963.

Filmography

Director

Year	Title	Arabic Title
1947	Prisoner of the Shadows	Aseer el Zalam, أسير الظلام
	Abu Zayd al-Hilali	Abu Zayd al-Hilali, أبو زيد الهلال
1948	Everybody is Singing	Al Kol Yughanni, الكل يغني
	Immortality	Khulood, خلود
1949	She Has Only a Few Piastres	Sahibat Al Malaleem, صاحبة الملاليم
	Holiday in Hell	Ajaza Fi Jahanam, اجازة في جهنم
1951	I am the Past	Ana Al Madi, أنا الماضي
1952	Ask My Heart	Isalou Qalbi, اسألوا قلبي
1953	The Murderer's Suspicion	Shak Al Qatel, شك القاتل
	Appointment with Life	Maw'ed Ma' al-Hayat, موعد مع الحياة
	The Night Train	Qitar al-Layl, قطار الليل
1954	Wafa'	Wafa', وفاء
	The Farewell Dance	Raqsat Al Wada', رقصة الوداع
	The Local Boy	Ibn Al Hara, ابن الحارة
	Stronger Than Love	Aqwa Min Al Hob, أقوى من الحب
1955	Date With Happiness	Maw'ed Ma' Al-Hayat, موعد مع الحياة
	I'm Going	Inni Rahila, اني راحلة
	Dearer Than My Eyes	Aghla Min Aynaya, أغلى من عينايا
1956	The Shore of Memories	Shate' Al Zikrayat, شاطئ الذكريات
	Wakeful Eyes	Uyoon Sahira, عيون سهرانة
	The Absent Lady	Al Gha'iba, الغائبة
1957	Port Said	Bor-Said, بورسعيد
	A Fugitive from Love	Hareb Min Al Hub, هارب من الحب
	Back Again	Rodda Qalbi, رُد قلبي
1958	The Road of Hope[10]	Tareeq Al Amal, طريق الأمل
	A Woman on the Road	Imra'a Fi Al Tareeq, امرأة في الطريق
	My Heart and I	Qalbi wa Ana, قلبي و أنا
1959	The Street of Love	Shara'e al Hob, شارع الحب
	Among the Ruins	Bain el Atlal, بين الأطلال
1960	The Second Man	Al Rajul al Thani, الرجل الثاني
	The Girls and Summer	Al Banat wa Al Sayf, البنات و الصيف
1961	The River of Love	Nahr Al Hub, نهر الحب
1962	The Black Candles	Al Shumou Al Sawda', الشموع السوداء
1962	Appointment at the Tower	Maw'ed Fi al Burj, موعد في البرج

Screenwriter

Year	Title	Arabic Title
1947	Prisoner of the Shadows	Aseer el Zalam, أسير الظلام
	Abuzeid al-Hilali	Abuzeid al-Hilali, أبو زيد الهلال
1948	Everybody is Singing	Al Kol Yughanni, الكل يغني
	Immortality	Khulood, خلود
1949	She Has Only a Few Piastres	Sahibat Al Malaleem, صاحبة الملاليم
1951	I’m the Past	Ana Al Madi, أنا الماضي
1952	Ask My Heart	Isalou Qalbi, اسألوا قلبي
1953	The Night Train	Qitar al-Layl, قطار الليل
1954	The Farewell Dance	Raqsat Al Wada', رقصة الوداع
	Appointment with Life	Maw'ed Ma' al-Hayat, موعد مع الحياة
	The Local Boy	Ibn Al Hara, ابن الحارة
	Stronger Than Love	Aqwa Min Al Hob, أقوى من الحب
1955	Appointment With Happiness	Maw'ed Ma' Al-Sa`dah, موعد مع الحياة
	I'm Going	Inni Rahila, اني راحلة
	Dearer Than My Eyes	Aghla Min Aynaya, أغلى من عينايا
1956	The Shore of Memories	Shate' Al Zikrayat, شاطئ الذكريات
	The Absent Lady	Al Gha'iba, الغائبة
	Wakeful Eyes	Oyoon Sahira, عيون ساهرة
1957	Port Said	Bor-Said, بورسعيد
	A Fugitive from Love	Hareb Min Al Hub, هارب من الحب
	Back Again	Rudda Qalbi, رُد قلبي
1958	The Road of Hope	Tareeq Al Amal, طريق الأمل
	A Woman on the Road	Imra'a Fi Al Tareeq, امرأة في الطريق
1959	Among the Ruins	Bayn al Atlal, بين الأطلال
1960	The Second Man	Al Rajul al Thani, الرجل الثاني
1961	The River of Love	Nahr Al Hub, نهر الحب
1962	Struggle of the Heroes	Sira’ Al-Abtal', صراع الأبطال
1962	Appointment at the Tower	Maw'ed Fi al Burj, موعد في البرج
1963	Saladin	Naser Salah al-Dine, ناصر صلاح الدين

Producer

Year	Title	Arabic Title
1947	Prisoner of the Shadows	Aseer el Zalam, أسير الظلام
1954	Appointment with Life	Maw'ed Ma' al-Hayat, موعد مع الحياة
1955	Appointment with Happiness	Maw'ed Maa al-Sa'ada, موعد مع السعادة
1959	Among the Ruins	Bayn al Atlal, بين الأطلال
1959	The Second Man	Al Rajul al Thani, الرجل الثاني
1960	Angel and Devil	Malaak wa Sheitan, ملاك وشيطان
1960	The Holy Bond	Al Rebat Al Moqaddas, الرباط المقدس
1961	Without Tears	Bela Domoo', بلا دموع
1962	Struggle of the Heroes	Sira’ Al-Abtal', صراع الأبطال
1962	The Black Candles	Al Shumou Al Sawda', الشموع السوداء

Actor

Year	Title	Arabic Title	Role
1948	Immortality	Kholood, خلود	Mahmoud

See also

• Egyptian cinema
• Top 100 Egyptian films
• List of Egyptian films of the 1950s
• List of Egyptian films of the 1960s

References

External links

• Filmography, IMDb. Retrieved on 26 November 2006.
• Biography, Yalla Cinema. Retrieved on 26 November 2006.

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