fiction.wikisort.org - Actor

Mikheil Gelovani (Georgian: მიხეილ გელოვანი, Russified as Михаи́л Гео́ргиевич Гелова́ни, Mikhail Georgievich Gelovani; 6 January [O.S. 25 December 1892] 1893 – 21 December 1956) was a Soviet and Georgian actor, known for his numerous portrayals of Joseph Stalin in cinema, starring in fifteen historic movies mostly about the early Soviet era.[1] He was recognized as People's Artist of the USSR in 1950.

Mikheil Gelovani
In The Fall of Berlin (1950).
Born	(1893-01-06)6 January 1893 Lasuria, Kutais Governorate, Russian Empire
Died	21 December 1956(1956-12-21) (aged 63) Moscow, Soviet Union
Occupation	Actor, director
Years active	1913–1956

Biography

Early life

Mikheil Gelovani was a descendant of the old Georgian princely house of Gelovani.[2] He made his stage debut in a theater in Batumi during 1913. From 1919 to 1920, he attended the Drama Studio in Tiflis. In the two following years, he was a member of the cast in the city's Rustaveli Theatre. From 1923, he worked as an actor and a director in Georgian SSR's Goskinprom film studio.[3] In 1924, he first appeared on screen in the film Three Lives.[4] He moved to the Armenian SSR's Armenkino production unit in 1927. In addition to his cinematic work, Gelovani continued to appear in theater, and performed on stages in Kutaisi and Baku. In 1936 he returned to the ensemble of the Rustaveli Theatre, and remained there for three years.[5]

Antebellum

In 1938, Gelovani first portrayed Stalin in Mikheil Chiaureli's The Great Dawn. His performance won him the Order of the Red Banner of Labour on 1 February 1939 and the Stalin Prize during 1941.[3] Afterwards, Gelovani "established a monopoly on the role of Stalin", which he continued to portray in twelve other pictures until the premier's death.[6] Gelovani greatly resembled Stalin physically, except in his stature: he was much taller than the latter.[7] Reportedly, he was not the premier's favorite candidate for depicting himself on screen: since he was Georgian, he mimicked Stalin's accent "to perfection". Therefore, the leader personally preferred Aleksei Dikiy, who used classic Russian pronunciation. However, Gelovani appeared in his role much more than Dikiy.[8] According to The Guinness Book of Movie Facts and Feats, Gelovani had probably portrayed the same historical figure more than any other actor.[9] When the two met, the general secretary told the actor: "you are observing me thoroughly... You do not waste time, do you?"[10]

Soviet cinema played an important part in cultivating Stalin's cult of personality: from 1937 onward, in a gradual process, Stalin's reign was legitimized by depicting him as Vladimir Lenin's most devout follower[11] and by positively presenting historical autocrats - like in Sergei Eisenstein's Ivan the Terrible.[12]

Later years

Due to his identification with Stalin, Gelovani was barred from playing other roles in cinema; he was not allowed to depict "mere mortals".[13] From 1942 to 1948, he was a member of the cast in the Gorky Moscow Art Theatre.[5] During World War II, the personality cult was abandoned in favor of patriotic motifs, but returned already at the war's late stages, and with greater intensity than ever after 1945: Stalin was soon credited as the sole architect of victory.[14] In the postwar films in which he portrayed him – The Vow, The Fall of Berlin and The Unforgettable Year 1919 – Gelovani presented the leader as "a living god".[15]

The actor was awarded three more Stalin Prizes, all of which were granted for his performances of the premier in film: in 1942 for The Defence of Tsaritsyn, in 1947 for The Vow and in 1950 for The Fall of Berlin. On 3 June 1950, he was given the title People's Artist of the USSR.[3]

After Stalin's death in 1953, Gelovani was denied new roles in films, since he was completely identified with the character of the dead ruler.[16][17] From 1953 until his death in 1956, he acted in Moscow's State Theater for Film Actors.[5] Andreas Kilb wrote that he ended his life "a pitiful Kagemusha" of Stalin.[18] Gelovani is buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery, alongside his wife Ludmila.[19]

Following Nikita Khrushchev's Secret Speech in 1956, most of the pictures he appeared in as Stalin were either banned or had the relevant scenes removed.[16]

Filmography

As actor

Year	Film	Role
1924	Three Lives	Bakhva
1925	Rider from the Wild West	N/A
1926	The Ninth Wave	Avalov
1927	Two Hunters	Turiko
1927	Evil Spirit	Crazy Danel
1931	Out of the Way!	N/A
1934	Good-bye	Spiridon Lomidze
1934	The Last Masquerade	Rostomi
1937	The Return of Maxim	N/A
1937	Orange Valley	Kirile
1938	The Man with the Gun	Joseph Stalin
1938	The Great Dawn
1939	Lenin in 1918 (scenes deleted)
1939	The Vyborg Side	Platon Vassilievich Dymba
1940	Siberians	Joseph Stalin
1941	Valery Chkalov (scenes deleted)
1942	The Defense of Tsaritsyn
1946	The Vow (banned)
1949	The Fall of Berlin (banned)
1950	The Lights of Baku
1953	The Fires of Baku (scenes deleted)
1952	The Miners of the Donetsk
1952	The Unforgettable Year 1919 (banned[citation needed])
1953	Jambyl Jabayev
1953	Hostile Whirlwinds (scenes deleted)

As director

Year	Film
1927	Evil Spirit
1929	Youth Wins
1931	Deed of Valour
1931	True Caucasian

References

Bibliography

• S. V. Dumin, P. Kh Grebelskii, V. V. Lapin. Dvorianskie Rody Rossiiskoi Imperii: Kniazʹia Tsarstva Gruzinskogo. IPK Vesti (1994). ISBN 978-5-86153-005-7.
• Aleksandr Prokhorov (chief editor). Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Volume 6). Collier Macmillan Publishers (1982). ISBN 9780028801100.
• Valeri Torchinov, Alexei Leontiuk. Vokrug Stalina: Istoriko-Biograficheskii Spravochnik. Filologicheskii Fakultet Sankt-Peterburgskogo Universitet (2000). ISBN 5-8465-0005-6.
• Helen Rappaport. Joseph Stalin: A Biographical Companion. ABC-CLIO (1999). ISBN 1-57607-084-0.
• Birgit Beumers. A History of Russian Cinema. Berg Publishers (2009). ISBN 978-1-84520-215-6.
• Sergei Yutkevich, Yuri Afanaseev. Kino: Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar. Soviet Encyclopedia (1987). ISBN 5-900070-03-4.
• Klaus Heller, Jan Plamper. Personality Cults in Stalinism. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (2004). ISBN 978-3-89971-191-2
• Evgeni Dobrenko. Stalinist Cinema and the Production of History: Museum of the Revolution. Edinburgh University Press (2003). ISBN 978-0-7486-3445-3.
• Denise J. Youngblood. Russian War Films: On the Cinema Front, 1914-2005. University Press of Kansas (2007). ISBN 0-7006-1489-3.
• Richard Taylor. Film propaganda: Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. I.B. Tauris (1999). ISBN 978-1-86064-167-1.
• Simon Sebag Montefiore. Stalin - The Court of the Red Tsar. Phoenix London (2004). ISBN 0-7538-1766-7.
• Philip Boobbyer. The Stalin Era. Springer Verlag (2000). ISBN 978-0-415-18298-0.
• Richard Taylor, D. W. Spring. Stalinism and Soviet Cinema. Routledg (1993). ISBN 978-0-415-07285-4.
• Patrick Robertsons. The Guinness Book of Movie Facts & Feats. Abbeville Press (1991). ISBN 978-0-85112-706-4.
• Konstantin Zaleski. Imperiia Stalina: Biograficheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar. Veche (2000). ISBN 5-7838-0716-8.

External links

• Mikheil Gelovani at IMDb
• Mikheil Gelovani at Find a Grave
• Mikheil Gelovani. kino-teatr.ru.
• Mikheil Gelovani. russiancinema.ru
• Mikheil Gelovani. kinosozvezdie.ru.

На других языках

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[de] Micheil Gelowani

Michail Georgijewitsch Gelowani (georgisch მიხეილ გელოვანი; * 25. Dezember 1892jul. / 6. Januar 1893greg. in Lasuria, Gouvernement Kutaissi, Russisches Kaiserreich; † 21. Dezember 1956 in Moskau) war ein sowjetischer Schauspieler und Regisseur georgischer Herkunft. Als Darsteller Stalins in den Monumentalfilmen von Micheil Tschiaureli prägte er das öffentliche Bild des sowjetischen Diktators und trug zum Personenkult bei, der um ihn gebildet wurde.

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- [en] Mikheil Gelovani

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[ru] Геловани, Михаил Георгиевич

Михаи́л Гео́ргиевич Гелова́ни (груз. მიხაილ გეორგიევჩი გელოვანი; 6 января 1893 (25 декабря 1892) — 21 декабря 1956) — советский актёр театра и кино, режиссёр. Народный артист СССР (1950), лауреат четырёх Сталинских премий (1941, 1942, 1947, 1950).

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