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Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan (born Abdülhak Hâmid; January 2, 1852 – April 12, 1937)[1][2] was an early 20th-century Turkish playwright and poet. He was one of the leading lights of the Turkish Romantic period. He is known in Turkish literature as "Şair-i Azam" (The Grand Poet) and "Dahi-i Azam" (The Grand Genius).

Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan
Born
Abdülhak Hâmid

(1852-01-02)January 2, 1852
Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
DiedApril 12, 1937(1937-04-12) (aged 85)
Istanbul, Turkey
NationalityTurkish
OccupationPlaywright, poet

Early years


Abülhak Hâmid Tarhan in his early days
Abülhak Hâmid Tarhan in his early days

Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan was born Abdülhak Hâmid on January 2, 1852, in Bebek, Constantinople. He is the grandson of Abdulhak Molla, a poet and physician at the court of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. His father was Hayrullah Efendi, a historian and ambassador. His mother, Münteha Hanım, was Circassian. Abdulhak Hâmid took private lessons from Yanyalı Tahsin Hoca and Edremitli Bahaddin Hoca while attending secondary school. In August 1863 he went to Paris, France[2] with his brother Nasuhi, the workplace of his father. He continued his education there for one and a half years. After he returned to Istanbul, he enrolled in a French education school and worked in a translation office to advance his French. One year later, he followed his father, who was appointed to the Ottoman Embassy in Tehran, Iran. He studied the Persian language for more than one year as well as Arabic and Persian poetry.[2] Following his father's death in 1867, he returned to Istanbul and entered civil service.


Professional life


After he came in contact with prominent literary personalities, Abdulhak Hâmid wrote his first prose Macera-yı Aşk (Love Affair) depicting his memoirs in Tehran. In 1871, he married Fatma.

Entered the service of foreign affairs, he was appointed in 1876 to the Ottoman Embassy in Paris,[2] where he had the opportunity to learn the French literature.

In 1878, his first brush with controversy occurred on the publishing of his play Nesteren in Paris. It depicted a rebellion against a tyrannical ruler, and the actual ruler of Turkey at that time, Sultan Abdul Hamid II was so upset by it that he had the playwright fired from his government job.

He was appointed in 1881 to Poti, Georgia, in 1882 to Volos, Greece and in 1883 to Bombay, India.[2] Due to illness of his wife, the family left India in 1885. On their way to Istanbul, his wife Fatma died in Beirut, then in the Ottoman Empire. She was buried there that inspired him to write his poem Makber (The Grave), which later became very popular.

Grave of Nelly, Abdülhak Hâmid's second wife, in New Brentford Cemetery
Grave of Nelly, Abdülhak Hâmid's second wife, in New Brentford Cemetery

Because of his work "Zeynep", he was suspended of service at the Embassy in London and forced to return home. Only after his promise not to write anymore, he was allowed to return his post in London. He made his second marriage with a British woman Nelly. After two service years in The Hague in the Netherlands, he was appointed back to London. Abdulhak Hâmid returned to Turkey in 1900 due to illness of his wife. In 1906, he was sent to the Embassy in Brussels, Belgium.

In 1908, he became a member of the Turkish Senate.[2] He lost his wife Nelly in 1911, and made later his third marriage with the Belgian Lucienne.

Abdulhak Hâmid had to return to Turkey after his deposing by the cabinet during the Balkan Wars. He spent a short time in Vienna, Austria after World War I and returned home with the proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. He continued on in politics and was elected into the Grand National Assembly as deputy of Istanbul in 1928,[2] a post he kept until his death.

Abdulhak Hâmid Tarhan died on April 12, 1937, and was laid to rest in the Zincirlikuyu Cemetery in Istanbul, with a national funeral.[2]


Works


He was influenced by Tanzimat and also Namık Kemal, and in general, French writing. The loss of his wife was a key point in his life as he wrote and dedicated many pieces involving her, such as Makber.[2] He leaves behind a legacy of western influences on the evolving Turkish literature scene and was considered one of the greatest Turkish romantics.[2]


Poetry



Plays


İnci Enginün translated his plays into modern Turkish, published in seven volumes (1998–2002).


Other works



See also



References


  1. Some sources state Feb 2,1852
  2. Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abdülhak Hâmid". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-1-59339-837-8.



На других языках

- [en] Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan

[es] Tarhan Abdulhak Hamid

Tarhan Abdulhak Hamid fue un poeta y dramaturgo turco, nacido y muerto en Estambul en el 2 de febrero de 1852 y 12 de abril de 1937. Nieto del médico personal de Abdul Hamid II; e hijo de un embajador y de una esclava. Estudió en Secundaria, y acompañado de un hermano suyo; fue a la embajada otomana en Francia donde trabajaba su padre para seguir con los estudios. Después volvió a Estambul, donde entró en una escuela de estilo francés para poder entender mejor el idioma. Volvió a seguir a su padre, a donde le llevó a la embajada otomana en Irán donde también aprendió el persa; hasta la muerte de su padre, donde Tarhan volvió a Estambul; donde empezó hacer trabajos políticos.

[ru] Тархан, Абдулхак Хамид

Абдулхак Хамид Тархан (тур. Abdülhak Hamit Tarhan; 2 января 1852 (1852-01-02), Стамбул, Османская империя — 12 апреля 1937, там же) — турецкий прозаик и драматург черкесского происхождения.


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