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José Toribio Medina Zavala (Spanish pronunciation: [xoˈse toˈɾiβjo meˈðina]; October 21, 1852 - December 11, 1930) was a Chilean bibliographer, prolific writer, and historian. He is renowned for his study of colonial literature in Chile, printing in Spanish America and large bibliographies such as the Biblioteca Hispano-Americana. (7 Vol., 1898-1907.)[1]

José Toribio Medina in 1918
José Toribio Medina in 1918

Biography


Jose Toribio Medina was born in Santiago, Chile. He was the eldest son of José del Pilar Medina y Valderrama and Mariana Zavala y Almeida, a woman of Basque descent.[2] His father was a lawyer, and he was constantly traveling due to his position as a magistrate. For this reason, Medina spent his childhood in different cities like Santiago, Talca, and Valparaiso. At the age of thirteen, he returned to Santiago to support his father who had lost the use of his legs. Later on, Medina joined the Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera under the direction of the great historian Diego Barros Arana. Then he studied law at the University of Chile, graduating as a lawyer on March 26, 1873.[3] His first publication, when a very young man, was a metrical translation of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's Evangeline. At twenty-two he was appointed the secretary to the legation at Lima, Peru. After his return, he published a history of Chilean literature (1878), and a work upon the aboriginal tribes (1884). In 1879, he contributed to Chile's war effort against Peru and Bolivia with the invention of an improved manufacturing method of cartridges.[4] He was appointed military judge of Tarapacá in 1880 as a result of his efforts.[4]

In this latter year, he was appointed the secretary of legation in Spain, and availed himself of the opportunity of examining the treasures of the old Spanish libraries. These researches, repeated on subsequent visits to Spain, and also to France and England, enriched him with a mass of historical and bibliographical material. Among his publications may be mentioned the Biblioteca hispano-americana, a remarkable catalogue of unedited documents relating to the Spanish discovery and colonization of Chile, including a number of articles from Martín Fernández de Navarette. Volumes II and III of this collection focus on Ferdinand Magellan, from where the recorded history of Chile starts; the Biblioteca hispano-chilena, a similar work, commenced in 1897; the standard and magnificent history of printing in the La Plata countries (1892); comprehensive works on the Inquisition in Chile, Peru and the Philippines; and the standard treatise on South American medals (1899). Prior to his death, he offered his personal library collection to the National Library of Chile, which contained 30,000 rare books and 500 volumes of documents dated prior to the independence of Latin American nations.[4]


Exhaustive study of Magellan


Portrait of José Toribio Medina by Francisco Tristán, 1886
Portrait of José Toribio Medina by Francisco Tristán, 1886

In 1920, the Chilean historian published a comprehensive study of Magellan containing an impressive amount of biographical information, a detailed analysis of the beginning and development of the voyage of circumnavigation, and a remarkable amount of information on the crews of the Armada de Molucca. This contained a priceless list of documentary sources and an outstanding bibliography. The title of this work is El Descubrimiento del Oceano Pacifico: Vasco Nuñez, Balboa, Hernando de Magallanes y Sus Compañeros. In the words of Tim Joyner, "Any serious study of Magellan and his enterprise must include this informative product of Medina's exhaustive archival research."

In addition, Medina produced the fullest bibliographies yet attainable of books printed at Lima, Mexico and Manila, and a number of memoirs and other minor writings. No other man had rendered anything like the same amount of service to the literary history and bibliography of the Spanish colonies. Medina was designated "Humanist of the Americas" by members of the Pan American Union.


Additional works


He was recognized as the author, editor, and translator of approximately 282 titles (books, pamphlets, and articles). If additional works like re-editions, sections of books, pre-prints and re-prints of complete or partial works, as well posthumous studies, are included, the total number of publications exceeds 350.

Some of his published books from 1882 to 1927 consist of:


See also


José Toribio Medina in 1909
José Toribio Medina in 1909

References


  1. José Toribio Medina. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia (6th ed.). New York: Columbia University Press.
  2. "Jose Toribio Medina." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 24. Detroit: Gale, 2005. Biography in Context. Web. 10 Apr. 2014.
  3. Roberts, S. E. (1941). José Toribio Medina: His life and works. New York: The H.W. Wilson company
  4. Bromsen, Maury A. (1945). "Jose Toribio Medina" (PDF). The South Atlantic Quarterly. 44 (3): 316–326.


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На других языках

- [en] José Toribio Medina

[ru] Медина, Хосе Торибио

Хосе Торибио Медина (исп. José Toribio Medina; 21 октября 1852 (1852-10-21), Сантьяго, Чили — 11 декабря 1930, Сантьяго, Чили) — чилийский историк, юрист, писатель и переводчик, дипломат, библиограф. Член Чилийской академии языка.


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