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Lama Hewage Don Martin Wickramasinghe, MBE (commonly known as Martin Wickramasinghe) (Sinhala: මාර්ටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ) (29 May 1890 – 23 July 1976) was a Sri Lankan journalist and author. His books have been translated into several languages.[1] Wickramasinghe is often acclaimed as the father of modern Sinhala literature.[2][3][4][5]

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Martin Wickramasinghe MBE
Born	Lama Hewage Don Martin Wickramasinghe (1890-05-29)29 May 1890 Koggala, British Ceylon
Died	23 July 1976(1976-07-23) (aged 86) Colombo, Sri Lanka
Occupation	Journalist author
Years active	1914–1976
Spouse	Kataluwe Balage Prema de Silva
Children	6, including Sarath Kusum Wickramasinghe
Website	martinwickramasinghe.info

Early life

Born Lama Hewage Don Martin Wickramasinghe, on 29 May 1890, in the town of Koggala (Galle District),[6] as the only son of Lamahewage Don Bastian Wickramasinghe (father) and Magalle Balapitiya Liyanage Thochchohamy (mother).

At the age of five Wickramasinghe was taught the Sinhala alphabet, at home and in the village temple, by a monk, Andiris Gurunnanse. He also learned the Devanagari script and could recite by memory long sections of the Hitopadesa. After two years he was taken to a vernacular school where he prospered until 1897 when he was sent to an English school in Galle called Buona Vista . In the two years spent at the school Wickramasinghe became fluent in English as well as Latin. When his father died in 1901, he returned to a vernacular school in Ahangama and subsequently lost interest in schooling.[3][4][5]

Having left school, at the age of 16 years Wickramasinghe found work as a book-keeper in a shop in Colombo owned by Carolis Silva in 1906. Following year he leaves the shop to join a commissions agency run by John Silva. in 1910, his mother dies. Following the 1915 Sinhalese-Muslim riots, John Silva's agency was closed and he returned to Koggala. He then became a book-keeper at Cornelis Silva's shop in Batticaloa.

Journalism career

In 1916, Martin Wickramasinghe starts to write to the Sinhala daily Dinamina under the penname Hethu Vaadi (Rationalist) and pens a controversial series called "Plants and Animals". He then joins the editorial staff of Dinamina, owned by the press baron D. R. Wijewardena's Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited (ANCL). In 1927, he leaves Dinamina to join Lakmina. In 1931, he returns to ANCL as the editor of Sinhala weekend paper Silumina. In 1932, he was appointed editor of Dinamina, serving until his resignation in 1946.[7]

Literary career

His literary career began with the novel Leela (1914) and an anthology of essays on literary criticism, Shastriya Lekhana (1919). Shortly thereafter he began a campaign to raise literary standards for the Sinhalese reading public with work such as Sahityodaya Katha (1932), Vichara Lipi (1941), Guttila Geetaya (1943) and Sinhala Sahityaye Nageema (1946) in which he evaluated the traditional literally heritage according to set rules of critical criteria formed by synthesising the best in Indian and western traditions of literary criticism.[2][3][8][9][10]

Through the 1940s Wickramasinghe dabbled with the double role of literary critic and creative writer. Gamperaliya (1944) is widely held as the first Sinhalese novel with a serious intent that compares, in content and technique, with the great novels of modern world literature. The novel depicts the crumbling of traditional village life under the pressure of modernisation. The story of a successful family in a Southern village is used to portray the gradual replacement of traditional economic and social structure of the village by commercial city influence.[3][5]

Wickramasinghe followed Gamperaliya with Yuganthaya (1948) and Kaliyugaya (1957) forming a trilogy. After the decay of the traditional life, the story details the rise of the bourgeoisie, with its urban base and entrepreneurial drive, ending with the formation of the labour movement and socialist theology and rise of hopes for a new social order. The trilogy was made into film by the renowned Sri Lankan director Dr. Lester James Peries.[4][8]

With the development of a literary criticism movement in the early-'50s, Wickramasinghe presented the works Sahitya Kalava ('The Art of Literature' 1950) and Kawya Vicharaya ('The Criticism of Poetry' 1954). Wickramasinghe was appointed a member of the Radio Broadcasting Commission in 1953 and in 1954 was appointed to the National Languages Commission, from which he resigned three months later. He was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 1953 Coronation Honours with the ensign awarded by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II in person during her Royal Visit to Ceylon in 1954.[8]

Wickramasinghe's most heralded work came in 1956 with Viragaya. Due to the significance of its theme and the sophistication of its technique, the novel has come to be hailed as the greatest work of Sinhalese fiction. It follows the spiritual problems of a fragile Sinhalese youth raised in a traditional Buddhist home after being confronted with the spectre of adulthood and the responsibilities that come with it all made more complex with the modernisation of society. First-person narrative is used to put forth the autobiographical story of the anti-hero in impressionistic vignettes rather than in chronological order. It is a seminal work and spawned a spew of imitators, some good on their own right.[2]

Peradeniya school and poet

Wickramasinghe was an early practitioner of the genre of poetry called nisandas, which ignored the restrictions placed on poetry by the traditional prosodic patterns. It drew inspiration from the work of Eliot, Pound, Whitman and other western poets and was part of a movement called Peradeniya School. Wickramasinghe's work was Teri Gi (1952).

The movement dissolved in the 1960s prompted by Wickramasinghe's contention that other writers of the Peradeniya School were not sensitive to cultural traditions and the Buddhist background of Sinhalese society. He accused Ediriweera Sarachchandra, Gunadasa Amarasekara and others of imitating "decadent" western and post-war Japanese literature and of supporting a nihilistic look on life with cynical disregard for national tradition.

Later years

Wickramasinghe visited Cuba on the invitation of the Cuban Government in 1968. In 1973, Wickramasinghe wrote a new biography of Buddha titled Bava Taranaya. In it the great teacher's change from royal heir in-waiting to philosopher-mendicant is portrayed as being a result of his sympathy to the poor and the downtrodden of society. Wickramasinghe died on 23 July 1976 and his home is now a folk museum.[5]

Personal life

Wickramasinghe married Kataluwe Balage Prema de Silva on 30 November 1925. They move to Mount-Lavinia, where their first child Susantha Manuwarna is born and dies 3 months later. They would six more children, three sons and three daughters. Their eldest son Sarath Kusum Wickramasinghe, served as Sri Lankan High Commissioner to the United Kingdom from 1995 to 1999. Wickramasinghe built himself a house Samudrasanna Road, Mount-Lavinia in 1939. In 1941, his family home in Koggala is taken over by the military when RAF Koggala was established during world war 2. In 1950, he sold his house and moved to Thimbirigasyaya to allow his children to attend university. In 1956, he moved to Bandarawela, where he took up residence.

Honors and awards

• Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) - 1953
• Appointed Member of the Radio Broadcasting Commission – 1953
• Award for the best news paper article for the year "The fall of the Brahmin Class" – 1956
• The novel "Viragaya" wins the Don Pedric Award for the best novel of the year – 1957
• Awarded a Honorary PhD by the Vidyodaya University – 1960
• Awarded a DLitt by the University of Ceylon – 1963
• UNESCO Award for his book "The Rise of the Soviet Land" – 1964
• Awarded a DLitt by Vidyalankara University −1964
• Awarded a DLitt by the University of Ceylon, Colombo – 1970
• Receives the first Presidential Award for Literature – 1974

Publications

A comprehensive list of publications of Martin Wikramasinghe,[11]

Novels

Collections of short stories

Plays

Literary criticism

Evolution and Anthropology

Philosophy

Autobiography

Biography

Books in English

History

Travel

Translations in other languages

Books translated in to other languages,[12]

Films and television productions

Films and television productions, based on Martin Wikramasinghe's books,[13]

Feature films

• "Karuwala Gedara"(_)

Television

Martin Wickramasinghe Trust

Martin Wickramasinghe Trust is an approved by the Government of Sri Lanka as a charitable organization. The Martin Wickramasinghe Trust has been established with the objectives of preservation of manuscripts, first editions of all his books, tape recording and photographs related to his life and work. Martin Wickramasinghe House & Folk Museum in Koggala also operated by Martin Wickramasinghe Trust Fund.

References

External links

• Official website of Martin Wickramasinghe – www.martinwickramasinghe.info
• A writer of many facets

На других языках

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- [en] Martin Wickramasinghe

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[ru] Викрамасинге, Мартин

Мартин Викрамасинге (синг. මාර්ටින් වික්‍රමසිංහ; 29 мая 1890 года — 23 июля 1976 года) — ланкийский писатель, литературный критик, мыслитель и общественный деятель. Из-за бедности не получил никакого образования. В молодости сменил массу профессий: был коммивояжером, приказчиком и т. д. Творческую деятельность начал в 1914 году. Всё его творчество можно разделить на три этапа: работа внештатным корреспондентом газеты «Динамика» (1914—1920), работа профессиональным журналистом в различных газетах (1920—1946), писательская деятельность (1947—1976).

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