Mirza Muhammad Hadi Ruswa (1857 – 21 October 1931) was an Indian Urdu poet and writer of fiction, plays, and treatises (mainly on religion, philosophy, and astronomy). He served on the Nawab of Awadh's advisory board on language matters for many years. He spoke many languages including Urdu, Greek, and English.
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Mirza Hadi Ruswa | |
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Born | 1857 ![]() |
Died | 21 October 1931 ![]() |
Language | Urdu ![]() |
His famed Urdu novel, Umrao Jan Ada, published in 1905, is considered by many as the first Urdu novel. It is based on the life of a renowned Lucknow courtesan and poet of the same name.
In 1857, Ruswa was born at Lucknow, India. After completing his education at Thomson Engineering School, Ruswa spent the majority of his career in education. Apart from his teaching positions, Ruswa worked as a civil servant and as a railroad worker. On October 21, 1931, Ruswa died in Osmania.[1]
In 1887, Ruswa began his literary career with a poetry adaption of Laila-Majnu. During the early 1900s, Ruswa released Afshai Raz and Umrao Jan Ada. Following Zat-e-Shareef and Shareef Zada, Ruswa also released Akhtari Begum. Apart from poems, Ruswa wrote penny dreadfuls and religious works about Shia.[2]
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