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Ōtomo no Yakamochi (大伴 家持, 2 April 718, - 1 May 785) was a Japanese statesman and waka poet in the Nara period. He was one of the Man'yō no Go-taika, the five great poets of his time,[1] and was part of Fujiwara no Kintō's Thirty-six Poetry Immortals (三十六歌仙, sanjūrokkasen).

Ōtomo no Yakamochi
Chūnagon Yakamochi by Kanō Tan'yū, 1648
Born	718
Died	785
Occupation	Statesman, warrior, poet
Notable works	Man'yōshū

Ōtomo was a member of the prestigious Ōtomo clan. Like his grandfather and father before him, Yakamochi was a well-known politician, and by Enryaku rose to the position of chūnagon (中納言), his highest bureaucratic position..

Biography

Ōtomo was born into the Ōtomo clan; his grandfather was Ōtomo no Yasumaro and his father was Ōtomo no Tabito.[1] The Ōtomo clan were warriors and bureaucrats in the Yamato Court, and Yakamochi served as a provincial governor (国司, kokushi) in several provinces. He was the nephew of Ōtomo no Sakanoue no Iratsume, who was also poet and a favorite of Prince Hozumi.[1] When Tabito died in 731,[2] Ōtomo became the head of the Ōtomo family.[3]

In 738, he met Udoneri, and in 740 at the behest of Emperor Shōmu went to Dazaifu (Kyūshū) to suppress the rebellion of Fujiwara no Hirotsugu. In 745 he became a jōgoika (従五位下). In July of the following year, he became governor of Etchū Province, a post he lasted in until 751. By this time he was already the author of 220 waka. In 751 he was promoted to shōnagon (小納言) and returned to the capital.

In 754 he was appointed military commander (兵部少輔, heibu shōsuke), and the following year concerned himself with the garrison (防人, sakimori) at Nanba, a time that is described in the Sakimori Songs Collection in the Man'yōshū. Yakamochi did not take part in the Tachibana no Naramaro rebellion (橘奈良麻呂の変, tachibana no naramaro no ran). Instead, he conspired with Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu, Isonokami Yakatsugu and Saeki no Imaemishi to plot the assassination of Fujiwara no Nakamaro. Afterwards Yoshitsugu took sole responsibility for the affair, but due to suspicions about Yakamochi's involvement he was transferred to the governorship of Satsuma Province.

In 777, he rose to the governorship of Ise Province. According to the records of the Ise Shrine (伊勢神宮, ise jingū), he served in this post for about five years. In 780 he was promoted to councillor (参議, sangi). Fearing suspicion and banishment from the capital for aiding in Hikami no Kawatsugu's rebellion (氷上川継の乱, hikami no kawatsugu no ran), he remained quiet and was promoted to chūnagon (中納言) in 783.

He died in 785[2] by drowning in Mutsu Province while attending to his concurrent post as shōgun. Soon after his death, Fujiwara no Tanetsugu was assassinated; suspecting that Yakamochi was involved in the affair, his burial was denied and he was posthumously disgraced and excommunicated. His son was stripped of rank and forced into exile, and it was only in 806 that he regained his rank.

Poetic works

A theory holds that Yakamochi was the compiler[4] (or the final compiler[2]) of the Man'yōshū, the first poetry anthology created in Japanese history, for which he not only wrote several poems but also transcribed, rewrote, and refashioned^{[citation needed]} an unknown number of ancient poems and folklore. About 481 of the poems included in the anthology were his works.[1] He was the most prolific and prominent writer of his time, and had a great influence on the Shika Wakashū as well. The famous Gunka song Umi Yukaba used one of his most famous and outstanding poem as lyrics, and was considered Japan's second anthem during wartime. It was the anthem of the Japanese navy, serving as the send-off song for sailors at the beginning of the war in 1937.[5] It also formed part of the Japanese military appropriation of high culture for the historical justification of its existence.[5]

He wrote a eulogy (banka) for Prince Asaka (安積皇子 Asaka-no-miko).

See also

• 8th century in poetry
• Japanese poetry

References

• This article is based on material from the equivalent article in the Japanese Wikipedia.

External links

• Media related to Ōtomo no Yakamochi at Wikimedia Commons
• "大伴家持全集 本文編 (Collected works of Otomo Yakamochi; in Japanese)". Retrieved 2006-07-10.

На других языках

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- [en] Ōtomo no Yakamochi

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[es] Ōtomo no Yakamochi

Ōtomo no Yakamochi (大伴家持, Ōtomo no Yakamochi? c. 718 – 5 de octubre de 785) fue un estadista y poeta de waka japonés de la era Nara. Es miembro de los Treinta y seis inmortales de la poesía. Nació dentro del prestigioso clan Ōtomo; su abuelo fue Ōtomo no Amaro y su padre fue Ōtomo no Tabito. Su hermano menor fue Ōtomo no Kakimochi y Ōtomo no Sakanoe no Iratsume fue su tía. Su tío abuelo fue posiblemente Ōtomo no Komaro quien vino a Japón durante el reinado de la Emperatriz Jitō.

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[fr] Ōtomo no Yakamochi

Ōtomo no Yakamochi (大伴家持?, c. 718–5 octobre 785) est un poète waka de l'époque Nara, membre des Trente-six grands poètes, appartenant au Clan Ōtomo. Il aurait compilé le Man'yōshū[1].

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[ru] Отомо-но Якамоти

Отомо-но Якамоти (716—785) — японский поэт. Сын Отомо-но Табито, зять поэтессы Отомо Саканоэ; послания жене, старшей дочери Саканоэ, числятся в ряду его лучших произведений. Кодификатор и собиратель японской поэзии вака. Сыграл решающую роль в составлении императорской антологии «Манъёсю». В антологии ему принадлежит 46 нагаута и 480 танка. Служил при дворе чиновником, занимал довольно высокие должности, однако был сослан по подозрению в государственной измене и участии в убийстве главного архитектора новой столицы Нагаокакё Фудзивара-но Танэцугу[en]. Посмертно лишён всех званий. Восстановлен в правах лишь в 897 году.

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