fiction.wikisort.org - Character

Search / Calendar

Elric of Melniboné[1] is a fictional character created by English writer Michael Moorcock and the protagonist of a series of sword and sorcery stories taking place on an alternative Earth. The proper name and title of the character is Elric VIII, 428th Emperor of Melniboné. Later stories by Moorcock marked Elric as a facet of the Eternal Champion.

Elric of Melniboné
Elric as depicted by Michael Whelan on the 1977 cover of The Weird of the White Wolf
First appearanceThe Dreaming City, 1961 story
Created byMichael Moorcock
In-universe information
GenderMale
TitleElric VIII, 428th Emperor of Melniboné
OccupationEmperor, sorcerer, warrior
NationalityMelnibonean

Elric first appeared in print in Moorcock's novella "The Dreaming City" (Science Fantasy No. 47, June 1961). Moorcock's doomed albino antihero is one of the better known characters in fantasy literature, having crossed over into a wide variety of media, such as role-playing games, comics, music, and film. The stories have been continuously in print since the 1970s.[2]


Description


Elric is described in 1972's Elric of Melniboné:

It is the colour of a bleached skull, his flesh; and the long hair which flows below his shoulders is milk-white. From the tapering, beautiful head stare two slanting eyes, crimson and moody, and from the loose sleeves of his yellow gown emerge two slender hands, also the colour of bone.[3]

Melniboné
'Elric of Melniboné' location
Map of the Young Kingdoms, with Melniboné at centre
Created byMichael Moorcock
GenreFantasy, Sword and sorcery
In-universe information
TypeMonarchy
Ethnic group(s)Melnibonéans
LocationsImrryr (capital)

Elric is the last emperor of the stagnating island civilization of Melniboné. Physically weak, the anemic Elric must use drugs (special herbs) to maintain his health and vitality. From childhood, he read freely in the immense royal library and learned of the world outside the Dreaming Isle. Perhaps due to this in-depth study, unlike other members of his race, Elric has a conscience. He witnesses the decadence of his culture, which once ruled the known world, and worries about the rise of the Young Kingdoms populated by humans (Melnibonéans consider themselves separate from humanity), along with the threat they pose to his empire. Because of Elric's introspective self-loathing and hatred of Melnibonéan traditions, his subjects find him odd and unfathomable. However, his cousin Yyrkoon (next in the line of succession, as Elric has no heirs) interprets this behaviour as weakness and plots Elric's death. Complicating matters is Yyrkoon's sister Cymoril, who is deeply in love with Elric; Yyrkoon covets her, and part of his plan for usurpation is to marry Cymoril himself.

In addition to his skill with herbs, Elric is an accomplished sorcerer and summoner. As emperor of Melniboné, Elric is able to call for aid upon the traditional patron of the Melniboné emperors, Arioch, a Lord of Chaos and Duke of Hell. From the first story, Elric uses ancient pacts and agreements with not only Arioch, but various other beings—some gods, some demons—to help him accomplish his tasks.

Elric's discovery of the sword Stormbringer serves as both his greatest asset and disadvantage. The sword confers upon Elric strength, health, and fighting prowess, allowing him to do away with his dependence on drugs, but it must be fed by the souls of intelligent beings. In the end, the blade takes everyone close to Elric and eventually Elric's own soul as well. Most of Moorcock's stories about Elric feature this relationship with Stormbringer, and how it—despite Elric's best intentions—brings doom to everything he holds dear.


Influences


Moorcock acknowledges the work of Bertolt Brecht, particularly Threepenny Novel and The Threepenny Opera, as "one of the chief influences" on the initial Elric sequence; he dedicated 1972's Elric of Melniboné to Brecht.[4][5] In the same dedication, he cited Poul Anderson's Three Hearts and Three Lions and Fletcher Pratt's The Well of the Unicorn as similarly influential texts. Moorcock has referred to Elric as a type of the "doomed hero", one of the oldest character-types in literature, akin to such hero-villains as Mervyn Peake's Steerpike in the Titus Groan trilogy, Poul Anderson's Scafloc in The Broken Sword, T. H. White's Lancelot in The Once and Future King, J. R. R. Tolkien's cursed hero Túrin Turambar, and Jane Gaskell's Zerd in The Serpent.[6]

The story of Kullervo from Finnish mythology[7] contains elements similar to Elric's story, such as a talking magic sword and fatal alienation of the hero from his family.[8] Besides Elric, Kullervo has been proposed as having influence on Poul Anderson's 1954 novel The Broken Sword, and J.R.R. Tolkien's Túrin Turambar. Moorcock has stated that "Anderson's a definite influence [on Elric], as stated. But oddly, the Kalevala was read to us at my boarding school when I was about seven", and "from a very early age I was reading Norse legends and any books I could find about Norse stories".[9] Moorcock in the same posting stated that "one thing I'm pretty sure of, I was not in any way directly influenced by Prof. T[olkien]".[10]

Elric's albinism appears influenced by Monsieur Zenith, an albino Sexton Blake villain whom Moorcock appreciated enough to write into later multiverse stories.[11] Moorcock read Zenith stories in his youth and has contributed to their later reprinting, remarking that it "took me forty years to find another copy of Zenith the Albino! In fact it was a friend who found it under lock and key and got a copy of it to Savoy who are, at last, about to reprint it! Why I have spent so much energy making public the evidence of my vast theft from Anthony Skene, I'm not entirely sure... ".[12] Moorcock later said: "As I've said in my introduction to Monsieur Zenith: The Albino, the Anthony Skenes character was a huge influence. For the rest of the character, his ambiguities in particular, I based him on myself at the age I was when I created Elric, which was 20".[13] The influence of Zenith on Elric is often cited in discussions of Zenith.[14]


Publishing history


Elric first appeared in print in a series of six novelettes published in Science Fantasy magazine:

After this came four novellas:

The last of these terminated the sequence with the close of Elric's life.

After these initial Elric tales, Moorcock periodically published short tales throughout the 1960s and early 1970s, such as 1967's "The Singing Citadel" and 1973's "The Jade Man's Eyes". Meant to be placed in between the initial stories but before the conclusion of "Doomed Lord's Passing", these later stories would frequently be edited, retitled, and combined together with other material to form fix-ups as part of later republication campaigns.

The first original Elric novel, 1972's Elric of Melniboné, is a prequel detailing Elric's origin and how he came to possess Stormbringer. In 1989 came the second original Elric novel, The Fortress of the Pearl, followed in 1991 with The Revenge of the Rose. A decade later Moorcock began an original Elric trilogy, beginning with The Dreamthief's Daughter (2001), followed by The Skrayling Tree (2003) and The White Wolf's Son (2005). In 2022, Moorcock will publish The Citadel of Forgotten Myths, a new Elric novel set early in the chronology.[citation needed]


Internal chronology


The main sequence, according to the saga's internal chronology, comprises the following books. Bold roman numerals indicate the six-book sequence of the 1977 DAW paperbacks. The dates following each story refer to the date of original publication. In those cases where a book was assembled from several pre-existing stories, each story is given along with its original date; when an original novel is subdivided into parts, the parts are named but not given individual dates.

Chronology uncertain:

Not part of canonical continuity:


Collections


The first five novelettes were originally collected in The Stealer of Souls (1963) and the later four novellas were first published as a novel in an edited version called Stormbringer (1965). The 1965 novel had about a quarter of the text removed for reasons of length (mostly in the second and third novellas) and the remaining text rearranged with new bridging material added to make sense of the restructuring.

In 1977, DAW Books republished Elric's saga in six books that collected the tales according to their internal chronology. These paperbacks all featured cover art work by the same artist, Michael Whelan, and helped define the look of Elric and his sword Stormbringer. The DAW edition of Stormbringer restored some of the original structure and text compared to the 1965 release, but other revisions were performed and other material excised. A few oddments were collected in Elric at the End of Time (1984), which became the seventh book in the DAW line when DAW released it in the US in 1985. It includes two Elric-related tales: the title story and 1962's "The Last Enchantment", originally intended as the final Elric story but put aside in favour of those that eventually made up Stormbringer; it was not published until 1978. Both would appear in later collections (with "The Last Enchantment" occasionally retitled "Jesting with Chaos").

In the 1990s, Orion Publishing/Millennium released a two-book collection – Elric of Melniboné and Stormbringer – containing the Elric material then available. White Wolf Publishing released a similar two-volume compilation – Elric: Song of the Black Sword (1998) and Elric: The Stealer of Souls (2001). These two-volume compilations are arranged according to the internal chronology of the saga. The White Wolf text has minor revisions when compared to the Millennium release.

The first nine short stories – with "The Flame Bringers" using the later title of "The Caravan of Forgotten Dreams" and the full text of Stormbringer as it appeared in Science Fantasy – were republished in a single volume as Elric (Orion/Gollancz 2001), volume 17 in the Fantasy Masterworks series.

Beginning in 2008, Del Rey Books reprinted the Elric material as a series of six illustrated books: The Stealer of Souls, To Rescue Tanelorn, The Sleeping Sorceress, Duke Elric, Elric in the Dream Realms, and Elric: Swords and Roses. This series arranged the stories in the sequence they were originally published, along with related fiction and nonfiction material. The version of Stormbringer featured in this collection restored all the original material missing since the 1977 DAW edition – which had formed the basis for all later editions – as well as Moorcock's preferred versions of all the revised material in an attempt to produce a definitive text. These volumes present the evolution of the character through early juvenile stories, early fanzine musings by Moorcock, some Elric stories, some others introducing the reader to the wider "Eternal Champion" theme, stories of other heroes who coexist with Elric in the realm of Melniboné, unpublished prologues, installments of Moorcock's essay "Aspects of Fantasy", a 1970s screenplay, a reader's guide, notes from an Elric series that never developed, contemporary reviews, and appreciation essays by other writers.

In August 2012, Victor Gollancz Ltd. announced their intention to republish all of Michael Moorcock's back catalogue, including all the Elric stories, presented in internal chronological order along with previously unpublished material, in both print and e-book formats. The Elric stories were published in seven volumes in 2014–15: Elric of Melniboné and Other Stories, Elric: The Fortress of the Pearl, Elric: The Sailor on the Seas of Fate, Elric: The Sleeping Sorceress, Elric: The Revenge of the Rose, Elric: Stormbringer!, and Elric: The Moonbeam Roads.


Characters in the Elric series



Appearances in other media



Comics


Conan the Barbarian No. 14 (March 1972), Elric's second appearance in comics. Cover art by Barry Windsor-Smith.
Conan the Barbarian No. 14 (March 1972), Elric's second appearance in comics. Cover art by Barry Windsor-Smith.

Music



Film



Television



Role-playing games



Video game


A video game based on Elric was in development by Haiku Studios and to be published by Psygnosis for the PlayStation during the late 1990s.[23][24][25]


Critical response


Writing for NPR, Jason Sheehan calls Elric "far and away the coolest, grimmest, moodiest, most elegant, degenerate, drug-addicted, cursed, twisted and emotionally weird mass murderer of them all".[26]




Footnotes


  1. Michael Moorcock (1 March 2008). "pronunciation". Moorcock's Miscellany. p. 3. Archived from the original on 16 April 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2016. Mel-nib-on-ay (as in cafe)
  2. "Order of Elric Books". Order of Books. Retrieved 4 May 2021.
  3. Moorcock, Michael (1987). Elric of Melniboné. Ace. pp. 192. ISBN 978-0-441-20398-7.
  4. "Mike's Recommended Reading List" Archived 14 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine by Michael Moorcock
  5. Elric of Melniboné by Michael Moorcock. Library Thing.
  6. Michael Moorocok, "Aspects of Fantasy" in Darrell Schweitzer (ed.), Exploring Fantasy Worlds: Essays on Fantastic Literature. San Bernardino, CA: Borgo Press, 1985, p. 27.
  7. John Martin Crawford (1888). "The Kalevala: Rune XXXI. Kullerwoinen Son of Evil". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  8. John Martin Crawford (1888). "The Kalevala: Rune XXXVI. Kullerwoinen's Victory and Death". sacred-texts.com. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  9. Elric/Turambar Archived 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine – Moorcock's Miscellany.
  10. Moorcock, Michael (25 January 2003). "Tolkien times two". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 1 May 2010.
  11. Paula Guran; Rich Horton (4 December 2007). "The Metatemporal Detective by Michael Moorcock (review)". Fantasy Magazine. Retrieved 18 November 2016.
  12. Lancer pirates? > M. Zenith Archived 16 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine – Moorcock's Miscellany.
  13. Bill Baker, World Famous Comics >> Baker's Dozen – 5 January 2005.
  14. E.g.: Monsieur Zenith the Albino, and Savoy People: The Most Banned Publishing Company in Britain.
  15. "La Saga d'Elric le Nécromancien". Bedetheque.
  16. Thomas, Roy (w), Windsor-Smith, Barry (p). "A Sword Called Stormbringer!", "The Green Empress of Melniboné" Conan the Barbarian 14, No. 15 (March 1972), Marvel Comics
  17. "Elric BD Facebook Page". Elric BD Facebook. Glénat BD. Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 15 February 2017.
  18. "Elric: The Dreaming City @ Titan Comics". titan-comics.com. Retrieved 19 August 2021.
  19. "The Chronicle of the Black Sword DVD @ Discogs.com". Discogs.com. Retrieved 3 November 2022.
  20. Empire Staff (29 May 2007). "Weitz Brothers Making Elric". Empire. Retrieved 13 July 2008.
  21. "Hot TV Package: Michael Moorcock's Fantasy Novel Series 'The Elric Saga' With Glen Mazzara & Vaun Wilmott". Deadline. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 6 October 2020.
  22. See the RPGnet brief history of Chaosium for more details.
  23. "Elric". Electronic Gaming Monthly. No. 101. Ziff Davis. December 1997. p. 93.
  24. Four-Eyed Dragon (January 1998). "Sneak Previews: Elric". GamePro. No. 112. IDG. p. 56.
  25. Fielder, Lauren; Muldoon, Moira (24 April 1998). "Elric on Hold". GameSpot. Archived from the original on 19 November 2000. Retrieved 7 November 2022.
  26. Sheehan, Jason (17 June 2014). "Summer Doldrums? These Nautical Reads Will Put Wind In Your Sails". NPR. Retrieved 4 September 2014.



На других языках


- [en] Elric of Melniboné

[es] Elric de Melniboné (personaje)

Elric de Melniboné, antihéroe de una serie de libros de Espada y brujería, es un personaje ficticio creado por Michael Moorcock. Este albino cuyo nombre completo es Elric VIII, 428º Emperador de Melniboné es una encarnación del Campeón Eterno. Su primera aparición fue en el relato The Dreaming City publicado en la revista pulp Science Fantasy en junio de 1961; pero su primera aparición en una novela fue en Elric de Melniboné, en 1973. Es uno de los antihéroes más populares de la literatura fantástica siendo adaptado en varios cómics y juegos de rol.

[it] Elric di Melniboné

Elric di Melniboné, per esteso Elric VIII, 428simo imperatore di Melniboné, è un personaggio immaginario creato da Michael Moorcock, protagonista di una serie di racconti e romanzi fantasy composti fra gli anni Sessanta e Duemila.

[ru] Элрик

Э́лрик из Мелни́бонэ — вымышленный персонаж, созданный Майклом Муркоком, антигерой цикла Сага об Элрике, произведений в жанре «меча и магии (англ.)», действие которых происходит на альтернативной Земле. Полное имя и титул персонажа — Элрик VIII, 428-й император Мелнибонэ. Более поздние из романов Муркока объявляют Элрика воплощением Вечного Воителя.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии