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Nurse Ratched (full name Mildred Ratched in the movie, also known as "Big Nurse") is a fictional character and the main antagonist of One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, first featured in Ken Kesey's 1962 novel as well as the 1975 film adaptation. A cold, heartless tyrant, Nurse Ratched has become the stereotype of the nurse as a battleaxe. She has also become a popular metaphor for the corrupting influence of institutional power and authority in bureaucracies such as the psychiatric treatment center in which the novel is set.

Mildred Ratched
One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest character
Louise Fletcher (left) and Sarah Paulson (right) as Nurse Ratched in the 1975 film adaptation and the Netflix television series Ratched (2020-present)
First appearanceOne Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1962)
Created byKen Kesey
Portrayed by
In-universe information
Full nameMildred Ratched (film, TV series)
AliasBig Nurse
SpeciesHuman
GenderFemale
OccupationNurse
Significant other
  • Gwendolyn Briggs (TV series)
  • Charles Wainwright (TV series)
NationalityAmerican
BirthplaceSalem, Oregon, United States

Nurse Ratched is the head administrative nurse at the Salem State Hospital, a mental institution where she exercises near-absolute power over the patients' access to medications, privileges, and basic necessities such as food and toiletries. She capriciously revokes these privileges whenever a patient displeases her. Her superiors turn a blind eye because she maintains order, keeping the patients from acting out, either through antipsychotic and anticonvulsant drugs or her own brand of psychotherapy, which consists mostly of humiliating patients into doing her bidding. Her tyrannical rule and her cruel personality stems from her time as an army nurse during World War II.


Creation


Author Kesey stated that he based Ratched on the head nurse of the psychiatric ward where he worked. He later ran into her at an aquarium, realizing "She was much smaller than I remembered, and a whole lot more human."[1] The 1940s hairstyle was, according to Louise Fletcher, "a symbol that life had stopped for her (Ratched) a long time ago".[2]

In Ken Kesey's novel, Nurse Ratched is described by Chief Bromden as having a face that is smooth, calculated, and precision-made, like an expensive baby doll, skin like flesh-colored enamel, blend of white and cream and baby-blue eyes, small nose, pink little nostrils. The only features that do not match her perfect appearance are her lips and fingernails that are both red-orange, along with carrying massive breasts. She wears a heavily starched, white nurse uniform that conceals her oversized bosom to hide her femininity; she has a stiff walk with high heels on her feet and sometimes carries a wicker bag.


Character biography


When Randle McMurphy arrives at the hospital, however, he flouts her rules with impunity and inspires other patients to follow. Her attempts to cow him into submissionat first with threats and mild punishments, then with shock therapyare unsuccessful, serving only to fuel his defiance.

McMurphy helps organize an unauthorized party late one evening, and they invite two prostitute friends, Sandra and Candy, into the asylum. After noticing fellow patient Billy Bibbitt has a crush on Candy, McMurphy encourages her to have sex with him. Ratched catches Billy and Candy in the act. Furious, she threatens to tell his mother. He begs her not to, blaming McMurphy and the other patients for orchestrating the event.

Ratched sends him to wait in the ward doctor's office as the authorities are called. When Dr. Spivey finally arrives, he finds Billy has killed himself. When Ratched tells the inmates that "the best thing we can do is to go on with our daily routine", McMurphy attacks her in a fit of rage, nearly strangling her. Despite having McMurphy lobotomized in retribution, the attack leaves Ratched weakened and bruised, now unable to control the ward any longer because the patients no longer fear her.


Other portrayals


Kirk Douglas (left) as Randle McMurphy, and Joan Tetzel (right) as Nurse Ratched in the 1963 Broadway production
Kirk Douglas (left) as Randle McMurphy, and Joan Tetzel (right) as Nurse Ratched in the 1963 Broadway production

A stage adaptation by Dale Wasserman made its Broadway debut in 1963 with Joan Tetzel as Nurse Ratched.[3] Amy Morton portrayed Ratched in the 2001 Broadway revival.[4]

The character was famously portrayed by Louise Fletcher in the film adaptation, whose performance earned her the Academy Award for Best Actress. Fletcher, who, up to that point, had only had a brief television career in the 1950s and early 1960s and had only appeared in two films (one uncredited), was cast after Anne Bancroft, Angela Lansbury, Geraldine Page, Colleen Dewhurst, and Ellen Burstyn turned down the role.[2] Director Miloš Forman considered Fletcher for Ratched when he saw her in the 1974 film Thieves Like Us.[2]

Nurse Ratched was a recurring character in the ABC series Once Upon a Time from 2012 through 2017. She was portrayed by Ingrid Torrance and works for the Evil Queen as a nurse in the Storybrooke Sanitarium.

Sarah Paulson portrays Nurse Ratched in Ryan Murphy's Netflix television series Ratched, a prequel to the One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest film, the first season of which debuted September 18, 2020.[5] Isabelle JoLynn Murphy portrays a young Ratched.[6][7]


Legacy


Fletcher won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her portrayal of Ratched in the film. Ratched was named the fifth-greatest villain in film history (and second-greatest villainess, behind the Wicked Witch of the West of The Wizard of Oz) by the American Film Institute in their series 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains.


References


  1. Kirkpatrick, David D. (2001-05-10). "Ken Kesey, Checking in on His Famous Nest". The New York Times.
  2. Harmetz, Aljean (30 November 1975). "The Nurse Who Rules The 'Cuckoo's Nest'". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 May 2016.
  3. Murphy, A.D. (November 18, 1975). "One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest Review". Variety. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  4. Winship, Frederick M. (April 30, 2001). "Chicago 'Cuckoo' flies over Broadway". United Press International. Retrieved September 5, 2020.
  5. Andreeva, Nellie (September 6, 2017). "Ryan Murphy's Nurse Ratched 'Cuckoo's Nest' Origin Series Starring Sarah Paulson Scores Netflix Order; Michael Douglas EPs". Deadline Hollywood. Retrieved September 10, 2017.
  6. "Who is Nurse Ratched? Meet the Character Behind Netflix's New Series". Decider. 2020-08-05. Retrieved 2020-08-05.
  7. "Official Trailer". Netflix. August 4, 2020 via YouTube.

Further reading



На других языках


- [en] Nurse Ratched

[es] Enfermera Ratched

La enfermera Ratched (en inglés: "Nurse Ratched") es un personaje ficticio y la principal antagonista de la novela de 1962 de Ken Kesey Quién voló sobre el nido del cuco (One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, en original), así como de la película de 1975 del mismo nombre. Netflix anunció en 2020 la producción de Ratched, una serie basada en el personaje estrenada en la plataforma el 18 de septiembre del mismo año.[1]

[fr] Infirmière Ratched

L'infirmière Ratched, également connue sous le nom de Mildred Ratched au cinéma et à la télévision et surnommée Big Nurse en version originale, est un personnage de fiction crée par Ken Kesey dans le roman Vol au-dessus d'un nid de coucou en 1962.

[it] Mildred Ratched

Mildred Ratched è un personaggio immaginario e l'antagonista principale del romanzo Qualcuno volò sul nido del cuculo scritto da Ken Kesey e pubblicato nel 1962, dell'omonimo film del 1975 e di una serie televisiva del 2020 intitolata Ratched.[1]



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