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Philip Marlowe (/ˈmɑːrloʊ/) is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler, and exemplifying the hardboiled crime fiction genre. Marlowe first appeared under that name in The Big Sleep, published in 1939. Chandler's early short stories, published in pulp magazines such as Black Mask and Dime Detective, featured similar characters with names like "Carmady" and "John Dalmas" starting in 1933.

Philip Marlowe
First appearance"Finger Man" (short story)
The Big Sleep (novel)
Last appearance"The Pencil" (short story)
Poodle Springs (unfinished novel, completed by Robert B. Parker
Created byRaymond Chandler
Portrayed by
In-universe information
GenderMale
OccupationPrivate detective
NationalityAmerican

Some of those short stories were later combined and expanded into novels featuring Marlowe, a process Chandler called "cannibalizing", which is more commonly known in publishing as a fix-up. When the original stories were republished years later in the short-story collection The Simple Art of Murder, Chandler did not change the names of the protagonists to Philip Marlowe. His first two stories, "Blackmailers Don't Shoot" and "Smart-Aleck Kill" (with a detective named Mallory), were never altered in print, but did join the others as Marlowe cases for the television series Philip Marlowe, Private Eye.

The hardboiled crime fiction genre originated in the 1920s, notably in Black Mask magazine, in which Dashiell Hammett's The Continental Op and Sam Spade first appeared.

Underneath the wisecracking, hard-drinking, tough private eye, Marlowe is quietly contemplative and philosophical and enjoys chess and poetry. While he is not afraid to risk physical harm, he does not dish out violence merely to settle scores. Morally upright, he is not fooled by the genre's usual femmes fatales, such as Carmen Sternwood in The Big Sleep.

Chandler's treatment of the detective novel exhibits an effort to develop the form. His first full-length book, The Big Sleep, was published when Chandler was 51; his last, Playback was published when he was 70. He created seven novels in the last two decades of his life. An eighth, Poodle Springs, was completed posthumously by Robert B. Parker and published years later.


Inspiration


Explaining the origin of Marlowe's character, Chandler commented, "Marlowe just grew out of the pulps. He was no one person."[1] When creating the character, Chandler had originally intended to call him Mallory; his stories for the Black Mask featured characters that are considered precursors to Marlowe. The emergence of Marlowe coincided with Chandler's transition from writing short stories to novels.[1]


Biographical notes


Ed Bishop had the title role in BBC Radio's Philip Marlowe radio drama series.
Ed Bishop had the title role in BBC Radio's Philip Marlowe radio drama series.

Philip Marlowe is a fictional character created by Raymond Chandler in a series of novels including The Big Sleep, Farewell, My Lovely, and The Long Goodbye. Chandler is not consistent as to Marlowe's age. In The Big Sleep, set in 1936, Marlowe's age is given as 33, while in The Long Goodbye (set 14 years later), Marlowe is 42. In a letter to D. J. Ibberson of April 19, 1951, Chandler noted among other things that Marlowe is 38 years old and was born in Santa Rosa, California. He had a couple of years at college and some experience as an investigator for an insurance company and the district attorney's office of Los Angeles County. He was fired from the DA's office for insubordination (or as Marlowe put it, "talking back"). The DA's chief investigator, Bernie Ohls, is a friend and former colleague and a source of information for Marlowe within law enforcement.

Marlowe stands 6 feet (1.82-1.84 m) tall. He weighs about 190 lb (86 kg). He is described as having dark hair and a medium heavy build (Farewell, My Lovely); dark brown hair with some grey and brown eyes (The Long Good-bye). Marlowe first lived at the Hobart Arms, on Franklin Avenue near North Kenmore Avenue (in The Big Sleep), but then moved to the Bristol Hotel, where he stayed for about 10 years. By 1950 (in The Long Good-bye) he has rented a house on Yucca Avenue in Laurel Canyon and continued at the same place in early 1952 in Playback, Chandler's last full-length Marlowe novel.

His office, originally on the seventh floor of an unnamed building in 1936, is at #615 on the sixth floor of the Cahuenga Building by March/April 1939 (the date of Farewell, My Lovely), which is on Hollywood Boulevard near Ivar. North Ivar Avenue is between North Cahuenga Boulevard to the west and Vine Street to the east. The office telephone number is GLenview 7537. Marlowe's office is modest and he does not have a secretary (unlike Sam Spade). He generally refuses to take divorce cases.

He drinks whiskey or brandy frequently and in relatively large quantities. For example, in The High Window, he gets out a bottle of Four Roses, and pours glasses for himself, for Det. Lt. Breeze, and for Spangler. At other times, he is drinking Old Forester, a Kentucky bourbon: "I hung up and fed myself a slug of Old Forester to brace my nerves for the interview. As I was inhaling it I heard her steps tripping along the corridor." (The Little Sister) However, in Playback he orders a double Gibson at a bar while tailing Betty Mayfield. Also, in The Long Good-bye, Terry Lennox and he drink Gimlets; in the same novel he also orders a whiskey sour and drinks Cordon Rouge champagne with Linda Loring.

Marlowe is adept at using liquor to loosen peoples' tongues. An example is in The High Window, when Marlowe finally persuades the detective-lieutenant, whose "solid old face was lined and grey with fatigue", to take a drink: "Breeze looked at me very steadily. Then he sighed. Then he picked the glass up and tasted it and sighed again and shook his head sideways with a half smile; the way a man does when you give him a drink and he needs it very badly and it is just right and the first swallow is like a peek into a cleaner, sunnier, brighter world."

He frequently drinks coffee. Eschewing the use of filters (see Farewell, My Lovely), he uses a vacuum coffee maker (see The Long Good-bye, chapter 5). He smokes and prefers Camel cigarettes. At home, he sometimes smokes a pipe. A chess adept, he almost exclusively plays against himself, or plays games from books.

Typical of classic private eyes, Marlowe is the eternal bachelor in all of the novels, but in the opening paragraphs of Poodle Springs he has just married Linda Loring, the divorced daughter of press tycoon Harlan Potter. He knows her from The Long Good-bye, where they spent one night together, and from Playback, where she, after one and a half years, surprisingly called him from Paris and proposed to him ("I'm asking you to marry me.").


Marlowe bibliography



Original short stories by Raymond Chandler



Original Philip Marlowe works by Raymond Chandler



Authorized works by other writers


Marlowe, as he appeared in volume 9 of Detective Conan
Marlowe, as he appeared in volume 9 of Detective Conan

Authorized novels by other writers



Film adaptations


Trailer for Lady in the Lake (1947)
Photo of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall from the 1946 film ''The Big Sleep''
Photo of Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall from the 1946 film ''The Big Sleep''

Radio and television adaptations


Gerald Mohr in the CBS Radio series The Adventures of Philip Marlowe (1948–1951)
Gerald Mohr in the CBS Radio series The Adventures of Philip Marlowe (1948–1951)

Radio



Television



Theater adaptations


Marlowe has appeared on stage at least twice. An adaptation of The Little Sister in 1978 in Chicago starred Mike Genovese as Marlowe.[6] In 1982, Richard Maher and Roger Michell wrote Private Dick, in which Chandler has lost the manuscript for a novel, and calls in Marlowe to help find it. The production played in London, with Robert Powell as Marlowe.[6]


Video game adaptations



Podcasts


In 2018 an unauthorized original Philip Marlowe audio fiction, A Man Named Marlowe was produced by The WallBreakers. Set in 1935, the story predates The Big Sleep and tells of a Marlowe run-in with two supposedly dead gunmen from the old west: Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.


References in other works



See also



References


  1. Lid, R. W. (1969), "Philip Marlowe Speaking", The Kenyon Review, Kenyon College, 31 (2): 153–178, JSTOR 4334891
  2. "Banville to bring back Chandler | the Bookseller".
  3. Hogan, David J. (2013). Film Noir FAQ: All That's Left to Know About Hollywood's Golden Age of Dames, Detectives, and Danger. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 112. ISBN 9781480343054. Retrieved February 6, 2022.
  4. Robert Montgomery Presents: The Big Sleep at IMDb
  5. Philip Marlowe, Private Eye at IMDb
  6. Lachman, Marvin (2014). The villainous stage : crime plays on Broadway and in the West End. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-9534-4. OCLC 903807427.



Audio



На других языках

- [en] Philip Marlowe

[es] Philip Marlowe

Philip Marlowe es un detective privado ficticio, creado por Raymond Chandler en sus novelas, incluyendo El sueño eterno y El largo adiós. Marlowe apareció inicialmente en una historia corta, llamada «Finger Man» («El confidente»), publicada en 1934. En esta aparición, sin embargo, Chandler no había desarrollado aún las características que se convertirían en su marca personal, y es difícil distinguirlo de otros personajes de Chandler, como John Dalmas o Carmady. Posteriormente, como se ve en sus siguientes novelas, Marlowe vive en Los Ángeles, mientras que en Finger Man habitaba en la ficticia ciudad de San Angelo.

[fr] Philip Marlowe

Philip Marlowe est un personnage de détective privé, créé par Raymond Chandler, dans la série de romans policiers incluant Le Grand Sommeil. Il a été baptisé par son créateur en hommage au dramaturge élisabéthain Christopher Marlowe.

[it] Philip Marlowe

Philip Marlowe è un personaggio fittizio creato da Raymond Chandler, considerato l’archetipo delle storie di genere giallo hard boiled. Apparso per la prima volta nel 1939 nel romanzo Il grande sonno, ma già protagonista in altri racconti pubblicati dallo stesso autore nella prima metà degli anni 1930 con altri nomi, quali Mallory, Carmady e John Dalmas, in racconti pubblicati su alcune riviste tra cui Black Mask – giornale specializzato nei racconti gialli di tipo hard boiled e dove sono apparsi altri famosi detective come Sam Spade e storie come The Continental Op di Dashiell Hammett - e Dime Detective.

[ru] Филип Марлоу

Филип Марлоу (вариант: Марло; англ. Philip Marlowe) — вымышленный частный детектив из Лос-Анджелеса, который является главным героем многих нуаровых рассказов и романов Раймонда Чандлера, включая:


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