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The Crucible is a 1996 American historical drama film directed by Nicholas Hytner and written by Arthur Miller, based on his 1953 play of the same title. It stars Daniel Day-Lewis as John Proctor, Winona Ryder as Abigail Williams, Paul Scofield as Judge Thomas Danforth, Joan Allen as Elizabeth Proctor and Bruce Davison as Reverend Samuel Parris. Set during the Salem witch trials, the film chronicles a group of teenage girls who, after getting caught conjuring love spells in the woods, are forced to lie that Satan had "invaded" them, and subsequently accuse several innocent people of witchcraft.

The Crucible
Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Nicholas Hytner
Screenplay by	Arthur Miller
Based on	The Crucible by Arthur Miller
Produced by	Robert A. Miller David V. Picker
Starring	Daniel Day-Lewis Winona Ryder Paul Scofield Joan Allen Bruce Davison Rob Campbell Jeffrey Jones Peter Vaughan
Cinematography	Andrew Dunn
Edited by	Tariq Anwar
Music by	George Fenton
Distributed by	20th Century Fox
Release date	November 27, 1996 (1996-11-27)
Running time	126 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	$25 million
Box office	$7.3 million[1]

Despite underperforming commercially, grossing only $7 million on a $25 million budget, the film received positive reviews, with Day-Lewis, Ryder, Scofield, and Allen earning widespread acclaim for their performances.

The film was screened at the 47th Berlin International Film Festival, where it competed for the Golden Bear. At the 54th Golden Globe Awards, Scofield and Allen were nominated for Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress respectively, while Allen received a Best Supporting Actress nomination at the 69th Academy Awards, and Scofield won Best Actor in a Supporting Role at the 50th British Academy Film Awards. Arthur Miller received nominations for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay.

Plot

In Salem, Massachusetts, in 1692, a group of village girls meet in the woods with slave Tituba, attempting to conjure love spells. Abigail Williams kills a chicken and drinks its blood, wishing for John Proctor's wife Elizabeth to die. When Abigail's uncle, Reverend Samuel Parris, discovers them, the girls run away, but his daughter Betty collapses unconscious.

Betty will not awaken, nor will Thomas and Ann Putnam's daughter Ruth, who was also conjuring. Giles Corey, who suspects that the children are just acting out, and John Proctor, with whom Abigail had an affair, visit the Parris household. Believing Betty and Ruth to be demonically possessed, Parris and the Putnams call Reverend John Hale from nearby Beverly to examine Betty. To save herself and the other girls from punishment, Abigail accuses Tituba of witchcraft. After being whipped, Tituba confesses to seeing the devil and is saved from being hanged. Struck by their new power, the girls begin naming numerous other women, including Elizabeth, whom they "saw" with the devil.

John wants to forget about his affair with Abigail and get back with Elizabeth. He decides to stop Abigail's accusations, telling his servant, Mary Warren, who is one of the "afflicted" girls, to testify at the trial that the witchcraft was faked. In court, Francis Nurse gives a list of people vouching for the accused; the judges order that all on the list be arrested and brought in for questioning. Giles insists that when Ruth accused Rebecca Nurse, Mr. Putnam was heard to tell Ruth that she had won him a "fine gift of land". Giles refuses to identify who heard this remark, and the judges order his arrest. Mary Warren insists she only thought she saw spirits but the other girls later cow her into recanting. Elizabeth says she is pregnant and will be spared from death until the baby is born, but John insists that the girls be charged with false witness.

The girls are called in and asked if they were lying about the witchcraft, but they start screaming that Mary Warren is bewitching them. To demonstrate Abigail's complicity, John confesses to having sex with her, claiming that she accused Elizabeth in order to get rid of her so that she could marry him. Abigail denies the affair, so Elizabeth is called in to verify it. Unaware that John confessed and wanting to save his reputation, she lies. As Reverend Hale tries to persuade the court of John's honesty, the girls turn the court further against the Proctors by screaming that Mary Warren is attacking them as a "yellow bird". John repeats his accusation that the girls are merely pretending, but they run outside from the "bird" into a nearby lake. To save herself from being hanged, Mary Warren accuses John of witchcraft. When asked if he will return to God, John despairingly yells "I say God is dead!" and is arrested as a witch.

On the day before John is to be hanged, Reverend Hale confronts Abigail at the now-abandoned homes of the victims whom she testified against. Because Hale was the lone official in the court to doubt her claims, Abigail attempts to convince the court that Hale's wife is also a witch; however, this backfires as the judges doubt her, as they consider a minister's wife to be pure. Eventually, the girls become outcasts and Abigail steals Parris' money to flee to Barbados, but not before asking John to go with her, telling him she never wished any of this on him. He refuses, stating "It's not on a ship we'll meet again, but in Hell".

Parris fears that John's hanging will cause riots directed at him, so he allows Elizabeth to meet with John to convince him to "confess" and save his life. John agrees and writes the confession. The judges insist that he sign the confession and publicly display it to prove his guilt and to convince others to confess, but John, determined to keep his name pure for his sons, angrily shouts "Leave me my name!", and tears it up.

On the gallows, John, Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey's recitation of the Lord's Prayer is cut short when they are hanged.

Cast

Background

This section does not cite any sources. (August 2014)

In 1952, Miller's friend Elia Kazan appeared before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC); fearful of being blacklisted from Hollywood, Kazan named eight members of the Group Theatre, including Clifford Odets, Paula Strasberg, Lillian Hellman, and John Garfield, who in recent years had been fellow members of the Communist Party. After speaking with Kazan about his testimony, Miller traveled to Salem, Massachusetts to research the witch trials of 1692. The Crucible, in which Miller likened the situation with the House Un-American Activities Committee to the witch hunt in Salem in 1692, opened at the Beck Theatre on Broadway on January 22, 1953.

Miller and Kazan were close friends throughout the late 1940s and early 1950s (the latter had directed the original production of Miller's Death of a Salesman), but after Kazan's testimony to the HUAC, the pair's friendship ended, and they did not speak to each other for the next ten years. The HUAC took an interest in Miller himself not long after The Crucible opened, denying him a passport to attend the play's London opening in 1954. Later Miller was further checked out: when testimony came out that he misled the HUAC, he was sentenced to a $500 fine and a 30-day stay in jail. It was overturned on appeal. Kazan defended his own actions through his film On the Waterfront, in which a dockworker heroically testifies against a corrupt union boss.

Though the play was widely considered only somewhat successful at the time of its first production, today The Crucible is Miller's most frequently produced work throughout the world. It was adapted as an opera by Robert Ward, which won the Pulitzer Prize for Music in 1962.

Reception

The movie was not a box office success,[2] making only $7,343,114 in the United States.[3]

Critical reception

The film has an overall score of 69% on the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, based on 62 critic reviews, with an average rating of 7.3/10. The critics consensus states, "This staid adaptation of The Crucible dutifully renders Arthur Miller's landmark play on the screen with handsome production design and sturdy performances, if not with the political anger and thematic depth that earned the drama its reputation."[4] Victor Navasky of The New York Times wrote that the film was "thought impossible to make during the McCarthy years" due to its allegorical connections to McCarthyism, yet was "probably destined for Hollywood all along".[5]

Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a grade of "A", calling the adaptation "joltingly powerful" and noting the "spectacularly" acted performances of Day-Lewis, Scofield, and Allen.[6] Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, writing that the "story has all the right moves and all the correct attitudes, but there is something lacking at its core; I think it needs less frenzy and more human nature".[7] Philip Thomas of Empire gave the film 5 out of 5 stars, calling it an "almost perfect screen adaptation".[8]

Awards and honors

Association	Category	Recipient	Results
20/20 Awards	Best Adapted Screenplay	Arthur Miller	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Joan Allen	Nominated
Academy Awards	Best Adapted Screenplay	Arthur Miller	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Joan Allen	Nominated
Art Directors Guild Awards	Feature Film	Lilly Kilvert & John Warnkle	Nominated
Awards Circuit Community Awards	Best Adapted Screenplay	Arthur Miller	Nominated
	Best Actress in a Leading Role	Winona Ryder	Nominated
	Best Actress in a Supporting Role	Joan Allen	Nominated
	Best Cast Ensemble	Daniel Day-Lewis Winona Ryder Joan Allen Paul Scofield Bruce Davison Rob Campbell Jeffrey Jones Frances Conroy Charlayne Woodard	Nominated
	Honorable Mentions	Nicholas Hytner	Nominated
BAFTA Awards	Best Adapted Screenplay	Arthur Miller	Nominated
	Best Actor in a Supporting Role	Paul Scofield	Won
Berlin International Film Festival Awards	Golden Berlin Bear	Nicholas Hytner	Nominated
Boston Society of Film Critics Awards	Best Supporting Actress	Joan Allen	Nominated
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards	Best Supporting Actress		Nominated
Critics' Choice Awards	Best Picture	—	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Joan Allen	Won
Empire Awards	Best Actress		Won
Florida Film Critics Circle Awards	Best Supporting Actress		Nominated
Golden Globe Awards	Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture	Paul Scofield	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture	Joan Allen	Nominated
New York Film Critics Circle Awards	Best Actor	Daniel Day-Lewis	Nominated
Online Film & Television Association Awards	Best Adapted Screenplay	Arthur Miller	Nominated
	Best Drama Actress	Winona Ryder	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Joan Allen	Nominated
	Best Cinematography	Andrew Dunn	Nominated
Political Film Society Award for Human Rights			Nominated
Satellite Awards	Best Adapted Screenplay	Arthur Miller	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actor in a Motion Picture - Drama	Paul Scofield	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture - Drama	Joan Allen	Nominated
Southeastern Film Critics Association Awards	Best Picture	—	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actor	Paul Scofield	Nominated
	Best Supporting Actress	Joan Allen	Won

The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

• 2008: AFI's 10 Top 10:
  • Nominated Courtroom Drama Film[9]

References

External links

• The Crucible at IMDb 
• The Crucible at AllMovie
• The Crucible at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Crucible at Box Office Mojo

На других языках

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[de] Hexenjagd (1996)

Hexenjagd ist ein US-amerikanischer Spielfilm aus dem Jahr 1996. Regie führte Nicholas Hytner, das Drehbuch verfasste Arthur Miller nach seinem gleichnamigen Bühnenstück.

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- [en] The Crucible (1996 film)

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[ru] Суровое испытание (фильм)

«Суровое испытание» (англ. The Crucible) — кинофильм режиссёра Николаса Хайтнера, вышедший на экраны в 1996 году. Экранизация одноимённой пьесы Артура Миллера, основанной на реальных событиях, произошедших во время судебного процесса над салемскими ведьмами.

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