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Joseph William Stefano (May 5, 1922 – August 25, 2006) was an American screenwriter, known for adapting Robert Bloch's novel as the script for Alfred Hitchcock's film Psycho, and for being the producer and co-writer of the original The Outer Limits television series.[1][2]

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Joseph Stefano
Born	Joseph William Stefano (1922-05-05)May 5, 1922 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Died	August 25, 2006(2006-08-25) (aged 84) Thousand Oaks, California
Occupation	Screenwriter, producer, director
Spouse	Marilyn Epstein (1954–2006)

Early years

Stefano was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a father who was a tailor and a mother who made silk flowers. As a teenager, Stefano was so keen to become an actor that he dropped out of high school two weeks before graduation and traveled to New York City. In Manhattan he adopted the stage name Jerry Stevens.

Stefano's initial career was as a composer of pop music in the 1940s, writing songs for Las Vegas showman Donn Arden. In possession of a large collection of sheet music, he once spent five hours challenging pianist Michael Feinstein on the titles of obscure Tin Pan Alley songs.

Career as screenwriter, producer and director

Stefano began writing movie scripts in the late 1950s, firstly for Martin Ritt with The Black Orchid (1959); his mother's occupation was an influence on the screenplay.

Stefano was commissioned by Alfred Hitchcock to adapt Robert Bloch's novel Psycho (1960) for his film version. His work was recognized by the Mystery Writers of America when he was given a 1961 Edgar Award, for Best Motion Picture Screenplay. Stefano appears briefly onscreen, discussing Bloch's utilization of the basis of the character Norman Bates in the crimes of serial killer Ed Gein, in the documentary Ed Gein: The Ghoul of Plainfield, which can be found on Disc 2 of the DVD release of the remake of The Texas Chainsaw Massacre (2003).

Stefano was offered the task of scripting Hitchcock's The Birds (1963) and Marnie (1964), but was already committed to produce and write for his friend Leslie Stevens' science fiction television anthology series The Outer Limits. Both Stefano and Stevens were involved only during the first season of the show. In the book Writing with Hitchcock, Stefano said that Hitchcock held a grudge over his being unavailable to write the screenplay for Marnie.

After leaving The Outer Limits due to network interference and exhaustion, Stefano wrote, produced and directed The Ghost of Sierra de Cobre (1964; aka The Haunted), a film utilizing many of the crew responsible for The Outer Limits. The thriller Eye of the Cat (1969) and the comedy Futz (1969) were Stefano's last big-screen work for many years. Throughout the 1970s, he wrote many television films such as Revenge! (1971), A Death of Innocence (1971), Home for the Holidays (1972), Live Again, Die Again (1974), Aloha Means Goodbye (1974) and Snowbeast (1977). Stefano also wrote one episode for the first season of Star Trek: The Next Generation (1988) entitled "Skin of Evil". Stefano was one of the Guests of Honor at the 1974 NY Telefantasy Convention (along with Noel Neill, Jim Danforth and William Tuttle), and spent hours signing autographs for hundreds of Outer Limits fans. At the show, he expressed his surprise that so many people still remembered the series almost a decade after its cancellation.

In 1990, he revisited the characters from Psycho with the TV movie script for the prequel, in what he believed had become an increasingly disappointing series of films. Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990) posits the origins of Norman Bates' destructive mother-love, featuring Olivia Hussey as Mrs. Bates. Stefano wrote and executive produced the Al Pacino drama Two Bits (1995), a personal project that fared poorly at the box-office and with critics, leaving Stefano less than enthusiastic about continuing to write for modern Hollywood. Gus Van Sant's remake of Psycho (1998 film) (1998) followed Stefano's script punctiliously, and in the biopic Hitchcock (2012) based on the book Alfred Hitchcock and the Making of Psycho by Stephen Rebello, he is portrayed by Ralph Macchio.

Stefano died of a heart attack at Los Robles Hospital in Thousand Oaks, California, in 2006.

The Outer Limits

Stefano was a producer for the first season of The Outer Limits and wrote a total of 12 episodes. They are:

• "Nightmare"
• "It Crawled Out of the Woodwork"
• "The Zanti Misfits"
• "The Mice" (teleplay)
• "Don't Open Till Doomsday"
• "The Invisibles"
• "The Bellero Shield" (story & teleplay)
• "Moonstone" (story)
• "Fun and Games" (teleplay)
• "A Feasibility Study"
• "The Chameleon" (story)
• "The Forms of Things Unknown"

The last episode was originally a pilot for a proposed TV series called The Unknown, but after ABC rejected it, Stefano reworked it as the season one finale.

Filmography

Films

Year	Title	Writer	Producer	Notes
1958	Anna of Brooklyn	Yes		Co-writer with Ettore Margadonna, Luciana Corda
1959	The Black Orchid	Yes
1960	Psycho	Yes		Edgar Allan Poe Award for Best Motion Picture Screenplay Nominated – Writers Guild of American Award for Best Written American Drama
1961	The Naked Edge	Yes
1969	Eye of the Cat	Yes
	Futz	Yes
1987	The Kindred	Yes		Co-writer with Stephen Carpenter, Jeffrey Obrow, John Penney, Earl Ghaffari
1988	Blackout	Yes	Yes	Co-writer with Laura Ferguson
1995	Two Bits	Yes
1998	Psycho	Yes		Remake of 1960 film based on Stefano's screenplay

Television

Year	Title	Writer	Director	Producer	Notes
1958	Playhouse 90	Yes			Episode: "Made in Japan" (story only)
1959	General Electric Theater	Yes			Episode: "Hitler's Secret" Episode: "The Committeeman"
1960	Startime	Yes			Episode: "The Young Juggler"
	The Detectives	Yes			Episode: "Life in the Balance" Episode: "The Bad Eye of Rose Rosetti" Episode: "Song of Songs"
1962	Saints and Sinners	Yes			Episode: "Source of Information"
1963	The Lloyd Bridges Show	Yes			Episode: "A Game for Alternate Mondays"
	Mr. Novak	Yes			Episode: "First Year, First Day"
1963–64	The Outer Limits	Yes		Yes	Writer (12 episodes); Producer (32 episodes)
1964	The Unknown	Yes		Yes	TV movie (pilot)
	The Ghost of Sierra de Cobre	Yes	Yes	Yes	TV movie (pilot)
1971	Marcus Welby, M.D.	Yes			Episode: "False Spring"
	Revenge!	Yes			TV movie
	A Death of Innocence	Yes			TV movie
1972	Home for the Holidays	Yes			TV movie
1973	The Magician	Yes			Episode: "Pilot" (story only)
1974	Live Again, Die Again	Yes			TV movie
	Aloha Means Goodbye	Yes			TV movie
1977	Snowbeast	Yes			TV movie
1988	Star Trek: The Next Generation	Yes			Episode: "Skin of Evil"
1990	Swamp Thing	Yes		Yes	Writer (2 episodes); Producer (13 episodes)
	Psycho IV: The Beginning	Yes			TV movie

References

External links

• 1975 interview
• 1990 interview
• Joseph Stefano at IMDb 
• Joseph Stefano at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)

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