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Giovanni Carmelo Verga di Fontanabianca (Italian: [dʒoˈvanni karˈmɛːlo ˈverɡa]; 2 September 1840 – 27 January 1922) was an Italian realist (verista) writer, best known for his depictions of life in his native Sicily, especially the short story and later play Cavalleria rusticana and the novel I Malavoglia (The House by the Medlar Tree).[1]

Signore
Giovanni Verga
OCI, OSML
Senator of the Kingdom of Italy
In office
3 October 1920 – 27 January 1922
MonarchVictor Emmanuel III
Personal details
Born
Giovanni Carmelo Verga

(1840-09-02)2 September 1840
Catania, Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
Died27 January 1922(1922-01-27) (aged 81)
Catania, Kingdom of Italy
NationalityItalian
Political partyHistorical Left (1890–1896)
Historical Right (1896–1911)
Italian Nationalist Association (1911–1922)
OccupationWriter
Signature

Life and career


The first son of Giovanni Battista Catalano Verga and Caterina Di Mauro, Verga was born into a prosperous family of Catania in Sicily. He began writing in his teens, producing the largely unpublished, but currently quite famous, historical novel Amore e Patria (Love and Homeland); then, although nominally studying law at the University of Catania, he used money his father had given him to publish his I carbonari della montagna (The Carbonari of the Mountain) in 1861 and 1862. This was followed by Sulle lagune (On the Lagoons) in 1863.

Portrait of Verga, by Antonino Gandolfo.
Portrait of Verga, by Antonino Gandolfo.

Meanwhile, Verga had been serving in the Catania National Guard (1860–64), after which he travelled to Florence several times, settling there in 1869.

He moved to Milan in 1872, where he developed his new approach, characterized by the use of dialogue to develop character, which resulted in his most significant works. In 1880 his story collection Vita dei campi (Life in the Fields), including "Fantasticheria" ("Daydreaming"), "La lupa" ("The She-wolf"), "Jeli il pastore" ("Jeli the Shepherd"), "Pentolaccia" ("The Plaything"), and Rosso Malpelo, most of which were about rural Sicily, came out. It also included "Cavalleria rusticana" ("Rustic Chivalry"), which he adapted for the theatre and later formed the basis for several opera librettos including Mascagni's Cavalleria rusticana and Gastaldon's Mala Pasqua!. Verga's short story, "Malaria", was one of the first literary depictions of the disease malaria.

He then embarked on a projected series of five novels, the Ciclo dei vinti (Cycle of the Vanquished) dealing with the problem of social and economical advancement. However he only completed two, I Malavoglia (1881) and Mastro-don Gesualdo (1889), the second of which was the last major work of his literary career. Both are widely recognized as masterpieces. He then began to write La Duchessa di Leyra, but he only completed the first chapter, while the last two novels, L'Onorevole Scipioni and L'Uomo di Lusso, were not even started.

In 1894 Verga moved back to Catania, to the house in which he had lived as a child. This house in the city of Catania on via Sant'Anna #8 is now a museum dedicated to the author. The Casa-Museo Giovanni Verga is located on the second floor of a generally unimposing 18th-century palace. The furnishings were those present at the time of his death, including his large personal library. Also in Catania, a performance stage that often performs works of local artists, the Teatro Verga, was founded in 1969 in a former movie theater located on Via Giuseppe Fava #34.

In 1920 he was appointed Senator of the Kingdom (Senatore del Regno) for life (ad vitam). He died of a cerebral thrombosis in 1922. He was an atheist. In 2022 the official Verga 100 event was launched, dedicated to the centenary of the writer with many events from Palermo to Milan from theater to musical performances, Cinema and Book Festival [2]


Bibliography


A 20th-century edition of I Malavoglia
A 20th-century edition of I Malavoglia
Verga's house-museum in Catania
Verga's house-museum in Catania

Novels



Short stories


Photo by Verga of Sicilian couple who worked his property in 1897.
Photo by Verga of Sicilian couple who worked his property in 1897.

Spring and other Stories (1877) (Primavera e altri racconti)

The Life of the Fields (1880) (Vita dei campi)

Little Novels of Sicily (1883) (Novelle rusticane) translated by D.H. Lawrence (1925)


References


  1. "Giovanni Verga | Italian author". Britannica.com. 27 January 1922. Retrieved 30 October 2016.
  2. Cigliana, Simona; Fedi, Roberto (2002). Giovanni Verga. Rome: Istituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato. p. 287. (in Italian).
  3. Digitami
  4. Verga, Giovanni (D.H. Lawrence, translator) (2000). Little Novels of Sicily. Hanover, New Hampshire: Steerforth Press. 145 pp. ISBN 1-883642-54-X.

Further reading




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Giovanni Verga.

На других языках

- [en] Giovanni Verga

[ru] Верга, Джованни

Джова́нни Ве́рга (итал. Giovanni Verga, 2 сентября 1840, Катания — 27 января 1922, там же) — итальянский писатель-реалист, широко известный романами, описывающими жизнь на Сицилии, прежде всего, романом «Семья Малаволья» («I Malavoglia») и сборником рассказов «Жизнь среди полей» («Vita dei Campi»).


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