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Gregório de Matos e Guerra (Salvador - December 23, 1636 – Recife - November 26, 1696) was a famous Colonial Brazilian Baroque poet. Although he wrote many lyrical and religious poems, he was more well known by his satirical ones, most of them frontally criticizing the Catholic Church, rendering him the nickname "Boca do Inferno" (in English: Hell's Mouth).

Gregório de Matos
A drawing of Gregório de Matos
Born	Gregório de Matos e Guerra (1636-12-23)23 December 1636 Salvador, Bahia, Portuguese Colony of Brazil
Died	26 November 1696(1696-11-26) (aged 59) Recife, Pernambuco, Portuguese Colony of Brazil
Pen name	Boca do Inferno
Occupation	Poet, lawyer
Nationality	Portuguese
Alma mater	University of Coimbra
Subject	Satires
Literary movement	Baroque
Spouse	Michaella de Andrade, Maria dos Povos
Relatives	Eusébio de Matos

He is the patron of the 16th chair of the Brazilian Academy of Letters.

Biography

Gregório de Matos e Guerra was born in Salvador, Bahia, to Gregório de Matos (a Portuguese nobleman) and Maria da Guerra (a matron). He studied at the Jesuit College and travelled to Lisbon in 1652, entering the University of Coimbra, where he completed his law degree in 1661. There he became friends with poet Tomás Pinto Brandão (1664–1743) and married D. Michaella de Andrade, and, two years later, was appointed as a magistrate in Alcácer do Sal. In 1672, he served as solicitor for the city of Bahia to the Portuguese court.

In 1679 he returned to Brazil as a widower. He was married for a second time in 1691 to Maria dos Povos, but led a rather bohemian life. A malcontent, he criticized everyone and everything: the church, government and all classes of people, from the rich and powerful to the lowly pauper, sparing no race or profession. His irreverent and satiric writings eventually got him into trouble, and Gregório was exiled to Portuguese Angola in 1694, where he is said to have contracted a lethal disease. Very ill, he managed to return to Brazil the following year, but he was prohibited from entering Bahia and from distributing his poetry. He instead went to Recife, where he died in 1696.

Tradition says that a few minutes before death, he asked two Catholic priests to come at him and stand each one aside of his body; thus he described himself as "dying between two thieves, like Jesus Christ in his crucifixion". Which is probably unreal, because near to his death, "Gregorio de Matos" expressed guilt and regret regarding his relationship with the Catholic Church. Through his works "Seeking Christ" and "Christ Crucified", where he seeks to demonstrate "the insignificance of man before God", where he perceives, on his part, the clear conscience of sin and the search for forgiveness. In these moments of poignant repentance, Gregory makes explicit his religious knowledge, contrasting the ideas of God and of sin, opposite and, at the same time, complementary: God, although holding the power of condemnation of souls, clearly allows man's hope in save by His forgiveness, by virtue of His infinite mercy and goodness.

His older brother was the painter and orator Eusébio de Matos (1629–1692).

Works

The works of Gregório de Matos were not published or more well known until the 19th century. This was because of the heavy content of his satires. During his lifetime, his poetry could only be found in private diaries and codices.

The Brazilian Academy of Letters published a collection of his poetry in six volumes:

• Sacra (Holy — volume 1, 1923)
• Lírica (Lyrical — volume 2, 1923)
• Graciosa (Gracious — volume 3, 1930)
• Satírica (Satirical — volumes 4-5, 1930)
• Última (Last — volume 6, 1933)

External links

• Works by or about Gregório de Matos at Internet Archive
• Works by Gregório de Matos at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
• Poems by Gregório de Matos (in Portuguese)
• Gregório de Matos' biography at the official site of the Brazilian Academy of Letters (in Portuguese)
• Gregório de Matos e Guerra: a visit to the poet
• The Gregório de Matos Foundation (in Portuguese)

Preceded by New creation	Brazilian Academy of Letters - Patron of the 16th chair	Succeeded by Araripe Júnior (founder)

На других языках

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- [en] Gregório de Matos

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[fr] Gregório de Matos

Gregório de Matos Guerra né à Bahia (Brésil) le 23 décembre 1636 et mort le 6 novembre 1696 à Recife, est un célèbre poète baroque portugais, auteur de poèmes lyriques et religieux[1]. Il vit sa vie entre le Portugal (1650-1681), où il fait sa formation universitaire, initie sa carrière administrative, commence à écrire son œuvre et se marie, le Brésil colonial (1681-1694), où il poursuit sa carrière administrative et son œuvre, et l'Angola (1694), où il est déporté par le gouverneur D. João de Lencastre qui souhaite le soustraire à ses ennemis et aux autorités religieuses de Bahia. Après avoir servi de négociateur entre les mutins de Luanda et les représentants de la Couronne, tombé malade, il est autorisé à revenir à Recife (à condition de cesser de publier), où il meurt.

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[ru] Матос, Грегориу де

Грегориу де Матус Герра (порт. Gregório de Matos Guerra; 23 декабря 1636, Салвадор — 26 ноября 1696, Ресифи) — бразильский поэт и писатель, представитель колониального бразильского барокко. Автор многих лирических и религиозных произведений. Наибольшую известность ему принесли сатирические стихи, за которые он получил прозвище «Уста Преисподней» (порт. Boca do Inferno).

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