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Iryna Senyk (Ukrainian, Іри́на Миха́йлівна Се́ник; June 8, 1926, Lviv - October 25, 2009, Boryslav) was a Ukrainian poet, nurse, and Soviet political dissident.[2] She was imprisoned in Stalinist camps as were her mother and brother.[3] She was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and an honorary member of PEN International.

Iryna Senyk
Native name
Іри́на Миха́йлівна Се́ник
BornIryna Mykhailivna Senyk
(1926-06-08)June 8, 1926
Lviv, Ukraine
DiedOctober 25, 2009(2009-10-25) (aged 83)
Boryslav, Ukraine
Resting placeLychakivske Cemetery, Lviv[1]
Occupation
  • poet
  • nurse
  • political dissident
Alma materUniversity of Lviv

Biography


Iryna Mykhailivna Senyk was born on June 8, 1926, in Lviv. Her parents were Mykhailo Senyk and Maria Senyk.

From 1939, she was a member of the Youth of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), and in 1941, she became a full member of the organization, working in the regional propaganda department.[4] She studied at a folk school and a private girls' gymnasium before entering University of Lviv in 1944.

In December 1945, while a student at the University of Lviv, she was arrested on charges of "treason against the homeland" (Article 54-1 "a") and "involvement in a counter-revolutionary organization" (Article 54–11) of the Criminal Code,[1] and imprisoned on Lontsky Street. She was sentenced in 1946 to ten years in concentration camps in Siberia (Ozerlag, Angarlag, and Irkutsk Oblast) and life in exile on charges of links with the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. Despite all the camp bans, she continued writing poetry, which she had been doing since the age of nine, secretly writing on scraps of paper. While in camp, she learned how to embroider pieces on religious themes.[4] She left the camp in 1956, with the second disability group, exiled in the Siberian Anzhero-Sudzhensk, Kemerovo region; the term of the exile expired in 1968.

"I secretly composed my grief-stricken lines in my head, and in the morning I would recite them to my cellmates.... How was I to thank all those who saved my life, who gave me the gift of kind words every day? I gave them my poetic lines." -Iryna Senyk[4]

After the exile, Senyk arrived in Ivano-Frankivsk as the return to Lviv was not possible. For a short time, she worked as a nurse[1] with prisoners in a tuberculosis hospital. She became acquainted with Viacheslav Chornovil, Valentin Moroz and other activists of the resistance movement against Russification and national discrimination of the Ukrainian people - the Shestydesyatnyky ("Sixties activists").[1] She also helped to spread samizdat. In December 1969, she signed the statement of 16 former political prisoners "Again chamber affairs?" addressed to the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which was directed against the practice of conviction in prison. The statement was published in the Ukrainian Herald No. 1 in 1970 and broadcast on Radio Liberty.

In 1972, Senyk, a nurse, was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison camp and five years in exile, with an expected release date of November 17, 1983. While serving her sentence in a Mordovian camp, repressed for her beliefs,[5] she became an invalid, her arm broken during an accident at a rock quarry.[4] In 1979, now in exile, she was a signatory to the "Members of the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the Implementation of the Helsinki Accords", dated October 6, 1979.[6] Since 1979, she was a member of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group. She was also an honorary member of PEN International.[7] Senyk was a signatory of the 1987 Ukrainian Association of Independent Creative Intelligentsia (UANTI) declaration.[8]


Awards


Iryna Senyk
Iryna Senyk

Selected works



References


  1. "In Memoriam: Iryna Senyk". Kharkiv Human Rights Protection Group. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  2. Struk, Danylo Husar (15 December 1993). Encyclopedia of Ukraine. Vol. IV: Ph-Sr. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-1-4426-5126-5. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  3. United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs (1982). Human Rights--Ukraine and the Soviet Union: Hearing and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, First Session, on H. Con. Res. 111, H. Res. 152, H. Res. 193, July 28, July 30, and September 17, 1981. U.S. Government Printing Office. pp. 12, 17, 19, 28, 32. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  4. Kis, Oksana (2 March 2021). Survival as Victory: Ukrainian Women in the Gulag. Harvard University Press. pp. 161, 252. ISBN 978-0-674-25828-0. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  5. United States Congress House Committee on Foreign Affairs (1983). Religious Persecution as a Violation of Human Rights: Hearings and Markup Before the Committee on Foreign Affairs and Its Subcommittee on Human Rights and International Organizations, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, Second Session, on H. Con. Res. 100, 378, 428, 433, and 434, H. Res. 269, S. Con. Res. 18, February 10, March 23, May 25, July 27 and 29, August 5 and 10, September 23, December 1 and 14, 1982. U.S. Government Printing Office. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  6. Documents of the Helsinki Monitoring Groups in the U.S.S.R. and Lithuania (1976-1986). U.S. Government Printing Office. 1987. pp. 27, 83, 129, 257. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  7. Kuzio, Taras (1999). Ukraine: perestroika to independence (2nd ed.). London: Macmillan Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-333-98434-5. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  8. Krawchenko, Bohdan (13 July 1993). Ukrainian Past Ukrainian Present. Springer. ISBN 978-1-349-22671-9. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  9. "Про відзначення державними нагородами України колишніх політичних в'язнів і репресованих". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). 2005. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
  10. "Про відзначення державними нагородами України засновників та активістів Української Громадської Групи сприяння виконанню Гельсінкських угод". Офіційний вебпортал парламенту України (in Ukrainian). 2006. Retrieved 22 February 2022.

На других языках

- [en] Iryna Senyk

[es] Iryna Senyk

Iryna Mykhailivna Senyk (en ucraniano, Іри́на Миха́йлівна Се́ник, 8 de junio de 1926, Leópolis – 25 de octubre de 2009, Boryslav) era una poetisa ucraniana, una enfermera y una disidente soviética.[1] Fue encarcelada en campos estalinistos, al igual que su madre y su hermano.[2] Fue miembro del Grupo Ucraniano de Helsinki y miembro honorario del PEN Club Internacional.

[fr] Iryna Senyk

Iryna Mykhailivna Senyk ou Irina Senyk (en ukrainien :Ірина Михайлівна Сеник), née le 8 juin 1926 à Lviv et morte le 25 octobre 2009 à Boryslav, est une poétesse ukrainienne, une infirmière et une dissidente politique au régime soviétique. Elle a été emprisonnée dans les goulags staliniens, tout comme sa mère et son frère. Elle était membre du groupe ukrainien d'Helsinki et membre honoraire de PEN International[1].

[ru] Сеник, Ирина Михайловна

Ирина Сеник (укр. Ірина Михайлівна Сеник; 8 июня 1926, Львов — 25 октября 2009, Борислав) — украинская поэтесса, медсестра, советский диссидент[1]. Она прошла через сталинские лагеря, как и её мать и брат[2]. Сеник входила в состав Украинской Хельсинкской группы и была почётным членом Международного ПЕН-клуба.


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