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Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha (藤原道綱母, c. 935–995) was a waka poet in the Mid Heian period.[1] She was in her mid-thirties when she began to write her journal Kagerō Nikki, written in a combination of waka poems and prose. Her diary gave access to a woman's experience of a thousand years ago, with poems she recorded which vividly recall the past.[2] These poems conveyed the life of a noblewoman during the Heian Period. She is one of the Nihon Sandai Bijin (The Three Beauties of Japan). Her true name is unknown to history.

Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha 藤原道綱母
Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha by Ryūryūkyo Shinsai
Born	935
Died	995
Nationality	Japanese
Parents	Fujiwara no Tomoyasu (father)

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Name

While her true name is unknown to history, she is known by the name "Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha," that translates to "Fujiwara clan's Michitsuna's Mother".

Life

She was the daughter of a provincial governor, Fujiwara no Tomoyasu, a member of the middle-ranking aristocracy of the Heian period (794–1185) from which were drawn men who served as provincial governors. Due to her lesser nobility, she became a concubine at the age of nineteen and then married Fujiwara no Kaneie who was later promoted to Sesshō. Michitsuna's Mother was Kaneie's second wife and mother of only one child. Her strained relationship with Kaneie made her consider becoming a nun; however, her son and others in her family persuaded her not to.

Career

Mitchitsuna's Mother was a very influential and well-established poet. She is a member of the Thirty-six Medieval Poetry Immortals (中古三十六歌仙, chūko sanjurokkasen), a very prestigious group of Japanese poets, specifically selected by Fujiwara no Kinto to showcase their Japanese poetic ability. In the rankings, she is among the top ten poets recognized.

Michitsuna's Mother was also credited with expanding the potential of kana prose writing with the creation of a newfound form of psychological exploration and self-expression, becoming an influence for the very popular work, The Tale of Genji.[3]

She wrote the Kagerō Nikki, a classic of Nikki bungaku; the diary recorded her unhappy marriage to Fujiwara no Kaneie who served as Sesshō and Kampaku. The diary contains an emphasis on Michitsuna's mother's social relationships in particular. An autobiography of 20 years of her life (from 954–974). The journal was written in three volumes and further sub-divided by year; nothing is known about her relationship with Kaneie in the last decades of her life.

Court Marriage

Heian court marriages were arranged and often polygamous. A man could have several wives, though a woman could have only one husband. A formal ceremony was not required, rather the details of the marriage were privately agreed upon between the father of the bride-to-be and her suitor. Divorce was only an option if the husband or wife and both parties were free to remarry again after.[4] A woman's breeding depended on the status of both her father and mother, women of suitable standing were rare and prized. Women lived apart from her husband after marriage and raised any heirs of their union.

Relations

• Fujiwara no Tomoyasu (藤原倫寧) (d. 977): Father of Michitsuna's Mother. He was a court official during the mid-Heian Period. He held the title of Shoshiinoge (Senior Fourth Rank, Lower Grade). At the time of Michitsuna's Mother's marriage, he was serving under Kaneie in the Office of the Left Military Guard.[5]

• Fujiwara no Nagato (藤原長能) (949–c. 1009): A waka poet in the mid-Heian period, also known as Fujiwara no Nagayoshi. Younger half-brother of Michitsuna's Mother.[6]

• Fujiwara no Kaneie (藤原兼家) (929–990): Husband of Michitsuna's Mother.

• Michitsuna (道綱) (955–1020) son of Fujiwara no Kaneie and Michitsuna's Mother.[7]

See also

• Waka Poems
• Kagerō Nikki
• Heian literature

References

На других языках

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- [en] Michitsuna's mother

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[es] Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha

Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha (藤原道綱母, Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha? ¿936? - 995), también conocida como Udaishō Michitsuna no Haha (右大将道綱母, Udaishō Michitsuna no Haha?) es una poetisa japonesa que vivió a mediados de la era Heian. Su nombre aparece en las listas antológicas del Chūko Sanjūrokkasen y de las treinta y seis mujeres inmortales de la poesía.

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[fr] Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha

Fujiwara no Michitsuna no Haha (藤原道綱母, (né en 936, morte en 995?), également connue comme Udaishō Michitsuna no Haha (右大将道綱母?) est une poétesse japonaise du milieu de l'époque de Heian. Son nom apparaît dans la liste des Chūko Sanjūrokkasen et dans celle des trente-six poétesses immortelles.

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[ru] Митицуна-но хаха

Митицуна-но хаха, мать Митицуна, также известная как Томоясу-но Мусумэ (Дочь Томоясу) — по имени её сына, ставшего впоследствии крупным чиновником и поэтом. Собственное имя писательницы не сохранилось. Является автором знаменитого дневника «Кагэро-никки» и причисляется к 36 лучшим поэтам эпохи Хэйан.

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