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Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy (born Pieter Gerbrandij; 13 April 1885 – 7 September 1961) was a Dutch politician and jurist who served as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 3 September 1940 until 25 June 1945. He oversaw the government-in-exile based in London under Queen Wilhelmina during the German occupation of the Netherlands.[1] He was a member of the now-defunct Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP), later merged into the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA).

His Excellency Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy
Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy in 1941
Prime Minister of the Netherlands
In office 3 September 1940 – 25 June 1945
Monarch	Wilhelmina
Deputy	Hendrik van Boeijen (de facto)
Preceded by	Dirk Jan de Geer
Succeeded by	Willem Schermerhorn
Member of the House of Representatives
In office 23 October 1956 – 20 March 1959
In office 27 July 1948 – 3 July 1956
Parliamentary group	Anti-Revolutionary Party
Minister of Colonial Affairs
In office 17 November 1941 – 21 May 1942
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Charles Welter
Succeeded by	Hubertus van Mook
Minister of Justice
In office 23 February 1945 – 25 June 1945
Prime Minister	Himself
Preceded by	Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart
Succeeded by	Hans Kolfschoten
In office 10 August 1939 – 21 February 1942
Prime Minister	Dirk Jan de Geer (1939–1940) Himself (1940–1942)
Preceded by	Johan de Visser
Succeeded by	Jan van Angeren
Personal details
Born	Pieter Gerbrandij (1885-04-13)13 April 1885 Goënga, Netherlands
Died	7 September 1961(1961-09-07) (aged 76) The Hague, Netherlands
Nationality	Dutch
Political party	Anti-Revolutionary Party
Spouse(s)	Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel ​ ​ (m. 1911; his death 1961)​
Children	2 sons and 1 daughter
Alma mater	Free University Amsterdam

Early life

Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy was born on 13 April 1885 in the village of Goënga near Sneek, in the province of Friesland, in the Netherlands. He was an ethnic Frisian, and his name is styled in the traditional Frisian way: first name ("Pieter"), patronymic ("Sjoerds", meaning "son of Sjoerd"), family name (Gerbrandy). Incidentally, the name Gerbrandy is also a patronymic; his great-great-grandfather Jouke Gerbrens (1769–1840) took 'Gerbrandy’ as a family name on 30 December 1811.[2]

Pieter applied to Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam in June 1904, majoring in Law. He would obtain a doctorate in Law in January 1911, and proceeded to work as a lawyer and prosecutor from 1911 until 1920.

Politics

Gerbrandy was a member of the Municipal Council of Sneek from April 1916 until January 1930, the Provincial-Council of Friesland from July 1919 until August 1920, and the Provincial-Executive of Friesland from August 1920 until January 1930.

From 1920 to 1930, he was a member of the Provincial Council of Friesland for the Anti-Revolutionary Party (ARP). He also served as Minister of Justice in 1939, against his party's wishes.

World War II

Due to the German victory of the Battle of the Netherlands in 1940, the Dutch royal family and many leading politicians fled to London and formed a government-in-exile. This, combined with Dirk Jan de Geer's resignation the same year, resulted in Queen Wilhelmia appointing Gerbrandy as prime minister of the Dutch government-in-exile. He also served as Minister of Justice and Minister of Colonial Affairs.

Post-war

After the liberation of the south in 1945, Gerbrandy formed a new cabinet, but resigned after the total liberation of the Netherlands. He opposed the government's "Indonesian policy", and from 1946 to 1950 chaired the National Committee for the Maintenance of the Kingdom's Unity, which opposed Indonesian independence and advocated for the Republic of the South Moluccas.

In 1950, Gerbrandy published Indonesia, which offered an explanation of the history of the relationship between the Netherlands and Indonesia, then the Dutch East Indies, from the 1600s to 1948, which included "The Indies under Dutch rule", "The Rule of Law", "The Japanese Occupation", and "Chaos", with each section outlining Gerbrandy's observations.[3]

In 1948, Gerbrandy returned as a member of the Dutch Parliament; however, his hot temper alienated members of his party. In 1956, he was made member of a commission that investigated the affair surrounding Greet Hofmans. Three years later, Gerbrandy resigned as a member of Parliament.

Personal life

On 18 May 1911, Gerbrandy married Hendrina Elisabeth Sikkel (26 February 1886 – 4 May 1980).[4][5][6] Pieter Sjoerds Gerbrandy died on 7 September 1961 in The Hague, at the age of 76.

Decorations

Honours
Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Netherlands Lion	Netherlands	6 May 1946	Elevated from Knight (28 August 1930)
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Orange-Nassau	Netherlands	5 April 1955
	Grand Cross of the Order of Adolphe of Nassau	Luxembourg
	Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire	United Kingdom		[7]
Honorific Titles
Ribbon bar	Honour	Country	Date	Comment
	Minister of State	Netherlands	5 April 1955	Style of Excellency

References

External links

Official

• (in Dutch) Mr.Dr. P.S. (Pieter) Gerbrandy Parlement & Politiek

Political offices
Preceded by Johan de Visser	Minister of Justice 1939–1942 1945	Succeeded by Jan van Angeren
Preceded by Gerrit Jan van Heuven Goedhart		Succeeded by Hans Kolfschoten
Preceded by Dirk Jan de Geer	Prime Minister of the Netherlands 1940–1945	Succeeded by Willem Schermerhorn
Preceded by Charles Welter	Minister of Colonial Affairs 1941–1942	Succeeded by Hubertus van Mook
Preceded by Hendrik van Boeijen	Minister of General Affairs 1945	Succeeded by Willem Schermerhorn

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