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Ray Cummings (born Raymond King Cummings) (August 30, 1887 – January 23, 1957) was an American author of science fiction literature and comic books.

Ray Cummings
BornRay King Cummings
(1887-08-20)August 20, 1887
New York City, New York
DiedJanuary 23, 1957(1957-01-23) (aged 69)
Mount Vernon, New York, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
GenreScience fiction

Early life


Cummings's novel Beyond the Stars was reprinted in the February 1942 issue of Future under a cover by Hannes Bok.
Cummings's novel Beyond the Stars was reprinted in the February 1942 issue of Future under a cover by Hannes Bok.
The Man Who Mastered Time was republished in Fantastic Novels in 1950.
The Man Who Mastered Time was republished in Fantastic Novels in 1950.

Cummings was born in New York City in 1887. He worked with Thomas Edison as a personal assistant and technical writer from 1914 to 1919.


Literary career


Cummings is identified as one of the "founding fathers" of the science fiction genre.[1] His most highly regarded fictional work was the novel The Girl in the Golden Atom published in 1922, which was a consolidation of a short story by the same name published in 1919 (where Cummings combined the idea of Fitz James O'Brien's The Diamond Lens with H. G. Wells's The Time Machine)[2] and a sequel, The People of the Golden Atom, published in 1920.[3]

Before taking book form, several of Cummings's stories appeared serialized in pulp magazines. The first eight chapters of his The Girl in the Golden Atom appeared in All-Story Magazine on March 15, 1919.[4][5]

Ray Cummings wrote in "The Girl in the Golden Atom": "Time . . . is what keeps everything from happening at once",[6] a sentence repeated by scientists such as C. J. Overbeck,[7] and John Archibald Wheeler,[8][9] and often misattributed to the likes of Einstein or Feynman. Cummings repeated this sentence in several of his novellas. Sources focus on his earlier work, The Time Professor, published in 1921, as its earliest documented usage.[10]


Later work


During the 1940s, with his literary career in eclipse, Cummings anonymously scripted comic book stories for Timely Comics, the predecessor to Marvel Comics. He recycled the plot of The Girl in the Golden Atom for a two-part Captain America tale, Princess of the Atom (Captain America Comics #25 & 26). He also contributed stories to the Human Torch and Sub-Mariner, which his daughter Betty Cummings often penned.[citation needed]

Cummings died on January 22, 1957, at Mount Vernon, New York, of a cerebral hemorrhage.


Selected literary works



References


  1. "GC Willick".
  2. "Two Early Works by Ray Cummings: "The Fire People" and "Around the Universe"". {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  3. Bleiler, Everett F. (1990). Science-Fiction: The Early Years. p. 171. ISBN 9780873384162.
  4. no title given
  5. Note, In the novel version, the quote about time appears in [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/21094 Chapter V {{citation}}: External link in |quote= (help)
  6. Cummings, Raymond King (1922). The Girl in the Golden Atom. U of Nebraska Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-8032-6457-1. Retrieved April 9, 2011. Chapter 5.
  7. International, Rotary (August 1973). "The Rotarian". The Rotarian. Published by Rotary International: 47. ISSN 0035-838X. Retrieved April 9, 2011., What does a man possess? page 47
  8. Daintith, John (2008). Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists (third ed.). CRC Press. p. 796. ISBN 978-1-4200-7271-6. Retrieved April 9, 2011., Page 796, quoting Wheeler from the American Journal of Physics, 1978
  9. Davies, Davies (1995). About time: Einstein's unfinished revolution. Simon & Schuster. p. 236. ISBN 0-671-79964-9. Retrieved April 9, 2011.
  10. Nahin, Paul J. (April 20, 2001). Time Machines: Time Travel in Physics, Metaphysics, and Science Fiction. ISBN 9780387985718.



На других языках

- [en] Ray Cummings

[ru] Каммингс, Рэй

Рэймонд Кинг Каммингс (англ. Raymond King Cummings, более известен как Рэй Каммингс, 30 августа 1887 — 23 января 1957) — американский инженер и писатель.


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