fiction.wikisort.org - Writer

Search / Calendar

Shibli Nomani (Urdu: شِبلی نُعمانیŠiblī Noʿmānī; 3 June 1857 18 November 1914) was an Islamic scholar from the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj. He was born at Bindwal in Azamgarh district of present-day Uttar Pradesh.[8] He is known for the founding of the Shibli National College in 1883 and the Darul Mussanifin (House of Writers) in Azamgarh. As a supporter of the Deobandi school, he favoured the inclusion of English Language and European sciences in the system of education.[9] Nomani was a scholar in Arabic, Persian, Turkish and Urdu. He was also a poet. He collected much material on the life of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, but could write only the first two volumes of the planned work the Sirat-un-Nabi. His disciple, Sulaiman Nadvi, made use of this material and added to it and also wrote remaining five volumes of the work, the Sirat-un-Nabi after the death of his mentor.[1][8]

Mawlānā Imam Allama

Shibli Nomani
Personal
Born(1857-06-03)3 June 1857[1]
Bindwal, Azamgarh district, British India
(present day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Died18 November 1914(1914-11-18) (aged 57)[1]
ReligionIslam
EraModern era
RegionBritish India
DenominationDeobandi
JurisprudenceHanafi[2]
MovementModernism[3]
Main interest(s)Islamic philosophy Biography Education history Quran Languages
Notable work(s)Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy
Alma materUrdu Masters English masters Arabic Masters Persian masters German masters Turkish Masters
Muslim leader
Influenced by
Influenced
  • Abul Kalam Azad, Syed Sulaiman Nadvi, Abdus Salam Nadvi , Hameeduddin Farahi, Amin Ahsan Islahi, Sajjad Ahmad Yeldram, Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, Muhammad Ali Jauhar,[1] Abul Hasan Ali Nadwi, Saifuddin Kitchlew
Literary works
  • Kutubkhana-i-lskandriyya (1892)
  • Al-Mamun (1887)
  • Sirat al-Nabi (1918)
  • Aurangzeb Alamgir Par Ek Nazar (1909)
  • Al-Jizya and Huquq al-Zimmin (1889)

Early life


Nomani was born into a Muslim Rajput family, his ancestor Sheoraj Singh being a Bais who accepted Islam many generations ago,[10] to Habibullah and Moqeema Khatoon.[1] He was named after Abu-Bakr Al Shibli who was a Sufi saint and a disciple of Junayd Baghdadi. Later in life, he added "Nomani" to his name.[citation needed]

Although his younger brothers went to London, England for education (and later returned, one as a barrister employed at Allahabad High Court), Nomani received a traditional Islamic education.[citation needed] His teacher was Maulana Muhammad Farooq Chirayakoti, a rationalist scholar who was an outspoken opponent of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.[citation needed] This aspect of Nomani’s background perhaps explains his ambivalent relationship with Aligarh and Sir Syed. The Chirayakot connection is significant. David Lelyveld notes that Chirayakot was the center of ‘a uniquely rationalist and eclectic school of ulema’, who studied Mu’tazalite theology, the early Arab development of Greek science and philosophy, as well as such languages as Sanskrit and Hebrew.[citation needed]

Nomani therefore had reasons to be both attracted and repelled by Aligarh. Even after he had secured a post as a teacher of Persian and Arabic at Aligarh, he always found the intellectual atmosphere at the college disappointing, and eventually left Aligarh because he found it uncongenial, although he did not officially resign from the college until after Sir Syed’s death in 1898.[11]


In the Middle East


He taught Persian and Arabic languages at Aligarh for sixteen years, where he met Thomas Arnold and other British scholars from whom he learned first-hand modern Western ideas and thoughts. He travelled with Thomas Arnold in 1892 to the Ottoman Empire including Syria, Turkey and Egypt and other locations in the Middle East and got direct and practical experience of their societies. In Istanbul, he received a medal from Sultan Abdul Hamid II.[7][12] His scholarship influenced Thomas Arnold on one hand, and on the other he was influenced by Thomas Arnold to a great extent, and this explains the modern touch in his ideas. In Cairo, he met noted Islamic scholar Muhammad Abduh (1849-1905).[13]


In Hyderabad and Lucknow


After the death of Sir Syed Ahmed in 1898, he left Aligarh University and became an advisor in the Education Department of Hyderabad State. He initiated many reforms in the Hyderabad education system. From his policy, the Osmania University of Hyderabad adopted Urdu as the medium of instruction. Before that, no other university of India had adopted any vernacular language as the medium of instruction in higher studies. In 1905, he left Hyderabad and went to Lucknow as principal and driving force of the Darul Uloom Nadwatul Ulama, a madrasa founded by the Nadwat tul-'Ulum. He introduced reforms in the school's teaching and curriculum. He stayed at the school for five years but the orthodox class of scholars became hostile towards him, and he had to leave Lucknow to settle in the area around his hometown, Azamgarh in 1913.[13]


Founding of Darul Mussanifin


Earlier at Nadwa, he had wanted to establish Darul Musannifin or the House of Writers but he could not do this at that time. He bequeathed his bungalow and mango orchard and motivated the members of his clan and relatives to do the same and had succeeded. He wrote letters to his disciples and other eminent persons and sought their co-operation. Eventually one of his disciples, Syed Sulaiman Nadvi fulfilled his dream and established Darul Musannifin at Azamgarh. The first formal meeting of the institution was held on 21 November 1914, within three days of his death.[1][14]


Nomani’s ideology


Nomani and Syed Ahmed wished for the welfare of Muslims, and wanted to have Western thinking and style come along with it. However, Sir Syed wanted to save the Muslims from the wrath of the British rulers after their active participation in the War of Independence of 1857, called the "Sepoy Mutiny" of 1857 by the British colonialist rulers, whereas, Shibli wanted to make them self-reliant and self-respecting by regaining their lost heritage and tradition.[1]


Aligarh movement


According to some scholars, Shibli was against the Aligarh movement. He opposed the ideology of Sir Syed and that is why he was debarred from the services of Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College. Kamleshwar wrote a novel 'Kitne Pakistan' (How Many Pakistan?)[15] and in that novel he portrays Nomani as a narrow-minded Muslim theologian. In another book, 'Ataturk Fi Karbala by Arif ul Islam', the author alleged that Shibli was not happy with Sir Syed's policies and ideologies and was involved vehemently against Aligarh movement.[16]


Legacy and survivors


Nomani had two daughters, Rabia Khatoon and Jannutul Fatima, and one son, Hamid Hassan Nomani.[1] This son was born in 1882 and died in 1942. He had another son who died soon after birth, and five daughters.

They are:


Works


Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, the poet, author, critic and literary theorist argued that Shibli's work has been unjustly dealt with:[18][verification needed]

While Maulana Aslam Jairajpuri pointed out errors in Sher-ul-Ajam, it was not mentioned that Shibli was the first to write a biography of Maulana Rumi. Though differences between Sir Syed and Shibli are highlighted, it has not been pointed out that in spite of Sir Syed's opposition to the writing of Al-Farooq, Shibli never complained about it. Sir Syed lamented that Shibli's Persian poetry was never tested on its merit and was wrongly associated with his acquaintance with an enlightened intellectual lady of the time, Madam Atiya Fyzee.

Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Shibli Nomani Annual Extension Lecture (2011)

Faruqi refuted S. M. Ikram's claim in this regard and subtly highlighted the delicacy of Shibli's thought moulded into his Persian poetry.[18]

Shibli was inspired by the progress of science and education in the West. He wanted to inspire the Muslims to make similar progress by having recourse to their lost heritage and culture, and warned them against getting lost in Western culture. "Ultimately, the Nadwa gave up its notions of uniting occidental and oriental knowledge and concentrated on Islamic scholarship, and on the dissemination of biographical and historical writing in Urdu. Shibli's own writings set the pattern for the latter."[1] In keeping with this goal, he wrote the following books:


See also



References


  1. Profile of Shibli Nomani on shibliacademy.org website Published 11 March 2009, Retrieved 16 July 2020
  2. Fyzee, Asaf Ali Asghar; Mahmood, Tahir (January 2008). Outlines of Muhammadan Law. ISBN 9780195691696. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  3. Ahmad, Irfan. "2. Contextualizing the Formation and Ideology of Islamism." In Islamism and Democracy in India, pp. 49-80. Princeton University Press, 2009. "Shibli Nomani (d. 1914) and his disciple... Both were influenced by Syed Ahmad's modernist project and had learned Western philosophy in Aligarh,"
  4. GUPTA, RITESH. "Muhammad Shibli Nomani (1857–1914); His Educational Thoughts and Career." J. Appl. Soc. Sci 6.8: 2152-2160.
  5. Bhat, Samee-Ullah. "THE IMPORTANCE OF WORKS OF MUHAMMAD SHIBLI NOMANI." Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities 3.2 (2019): 169-180. "...instilled into the impressionable mind of Shibli a great zest for Islamic learning; in particular, it generated his interest in Mu'tazilite theology"
  6. Usmani, Afzal. "Allama Muhammad Shibli Nomani". Aligarh Movement. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  7. Hasan, Mushirul. "Pan-Islamism versus Indian Nationalism? A Reappraisal." Economic and Political Weekly (1986): 1075.
  8. Versatile Scholar Shibli Nomani remembered today Associated Press Of Pakistan website, Published 18 November 2019, Retrieved 16 July 2020
  9. Bhardwaj, Dr Kamal (1 January 2002). History of Modern India. Prabhat Prakashan. pp. 322–323. ISBN 978-93-5266-745-1.
  10. Khan, Javed Ali (2005). Early Urdu Historiography. Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Public Library. p. 226.
  11. "A Biographical sketch of Shibli Nomani by Dr. Ian Henderson Douglas | Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy".
  12. Ahmad, Anis & Özervarli, M.Sait (2010). "ŞİBLÎ NU'MÂNÎ". TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 39 (Şeri̇f Paşa – Tanzanya) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Foundation, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 126–129. ISBN 978-975-389-632-0.
  13. Profile of Shibli Nomani by Ian Henderson Douglas on shibliacademy.org website Published 16 March 2009, Retrieved 16 July 2020
  14. Profile and publications of Allama Muhammad Shibli Nomani on Open Library.org website (Internet Archive) Retrieved 16 July 2020
  15. Kitne Pakistan, Rajpal & Sons, 2004. ISBN 81-7028-320-5
  16. Ataturk Fi Karbala, by Dr. Arif Ul Islam, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 2007
  17. Detailed image of commemorative postage stamp to honor Shibli Nomani Retrieved 16 July 2020
  18. Shamsur Rahman Faruqi, Shibli Nomani Annual Extension Lecture 2011, Darul Musannefin Shibli Academy, Azamgarh
  19. Sirat-un-Nabi book on GoogleBooks website Retrieved 16 July 2020
  20. Profile of Shibli Nomani on rekhta.org website Retrieved 16 July 2020
  21. Kumar, Akriti. "SHIBLI NOMANI AND THE MAKING OF NADWATUL’L ULUM." Proceedings of the Indian History Congress. Vol. 78. Indian History Congress, 2017.





Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии