fiction.wikisort.org - Actor

Carole Penny Marshall[1] (October 15, 1943 – December 17, 2018)[1] was an American actress, director and producer. She is known for her role as Laverne DeFazio on the television sitcom Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983), receiving three nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy for her portrayal.[2]

Penny Marshall
Publicity photo for Laverne & Shirley (1976)
Born	Carole Penny Marshall (1943-10-15)October 15, 1943 The Bronx, New York, U.S.
Died	December 17, 2018(2018-12-17) (aged 75) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Resting place	Forest Lawn Memorial Park Hollywood Hills, California
Alma mater	University of New Mexico
Occupation	Actress director producer
Years active	1968–2018
Spouse(s)	Mike Henry ​ ​ (m. 1963; div. 1966)​ Rob Reiner ​ ​ (m. 1971; div. 1981)​
Children	Tracy Henry
Parent	Anthony W. Marshall (father)
Relatives	Garry Marshall (brother) Scott Marshall (nephew)

Marshall made her directorial debut with Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) before directing Big (1988), which became the first film directed by a woman to gross more than $100 million at the U.S. box office. Her subsequent directing credits included Awakenings (1990), which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture, A League of Their Own (1992), Renaissance Man (1994), The Preacher's Wife (1996) and Riding in Cars with Boys (2001). She also produced Cinderella Man (2005) and Bewitched (2005), and directed episodes of the TV series According to Jim and United States of Tara.

Early life

Carole Penny Marshall was born in the Bronx, New York City, on October 15, 1943,[3] to Marjorie Irene (née Ward), a tap dance teacher who ran the Marjorie Marshall Dance School, and Anthony "Tony" Masciarelli, later Anthony Wallace Marshall, a director of industrial films and later a producer.[4] She had a brother, actor/director/TV producer Garry Marshall; and a sister, television producer Ronny Hallin. Penny's birth name, Carole, was selected because her mother's favorite actress was Carole Lombard. Her middle name was selected because her older sister Ronny, wanting a horse, was saving pennies; their mother chose the middle name in an attempt to console Ronny.[5]

Penny's father was of Italian descent, his family having come from Abruzzo,[6] and her mother was of German, English, and Scottish descent;[7][8][9] Marshall's father changed his surname from Masciarelli to Marshall before she was born.[10][11] Religion played an odd role in the Marshall children's lives. Garry was christened Episcopalian, Ronny was Lutheran, and Penny was confirmed in a Congregational Church, because "[Mother] sent us anyplace that had a hall where she could put on a recital. If she hadn't needed performance space, we wouldn't have bothered."[12]

She grew up at 3235 Grand Concourse, the Bronx, in a building which was also the childhood home of Neil Simon, Paddy Chayefsky, Calvin Klein, and Ralph Lauren.[13] She began her career as a tap dancer at age three, and later taught tap at her mother's dance school. She graduated from Walton High School, a public girls' high school in New York and then went to University of New Mexico for 21⁄2 years where she studied math and psychology. While at UNM, Marshall became pregnant with daughter Tracy Reiner (née Tracy Henry), and soon after married the father, Michael Henry, in 1963. The couple divorced three years later in 1966.[14] During this period, Marshall worked various jobs to support herself, including working as a choreographer for the Albuquerque Civic Light Opera Association.[15] In 1967,[16] she moved to Los Angeles to join her older brother Garry, a writer whose credits at the time included TV's The Dick Van Dyke Show (1961–1966).

Career

Marshall first appeared on a television commercial for Head and Shoulders beautifying shampoo. She was hired to play a girl with stringy, unattractive hair, and Farrah Fawcett was hired to play a girl with thick, bouncy hair. As the crew was lighting the set, Marshall's stand-in wore a placard that read "Homely Girl" and Fawcett's stand-in wore a placard that said "Pretty Girl". Fawcett, sensing Marshall's insecurity about her looks, crossed out "Homely" on the Marshall stand-in placard and wrote "Plain".[17]

Marshall and Billie Hayes were the only actresses to audition for the role of Witchiepoo for H.R. Pufnstuf, produced by Sid and Marty Krofft. Marshall thought that she was not right for the part, and Hayes got the role.[18]

In 1968 Marshall accepted an offer from her brother to appear in a movie he had written and was producing, called How Sweet It Is! (1968). She landed another small role in the film The Savage Seven (1968), as well as a guest appearance on the hit television series That Girl, starring Marlo Thomas.[19] Marshall was considered for the role of Gloria Bunker Stivic on All in the Family, but lost the part to Sally Struthers.[20]

In 1970, Garry Marshall became the executive producer of the television series The Odd Couple. The following year, Marshall was added to the permanent cast to play a secretary, Myrna, and held the role for four years. In Marshall's final appearance on The Odd Couple, her character married her boyfriend, Sheldn ("they left the "o" off the birth certificate", she explains), played by Rob Reiner, her real-life husband.[19] The episode included Marshall's real-life siblings, Garry and Ronny, as Myrna's brother and sister.[21]

While she was on The Odd Couple, Marshall played small roles in TV movies such as Evil Roy Slade (1972), starring John Astin and Mickey Rooney (and produced by brother Garry); The Crooked Hearts (1972) starring Douglas Fairbanks Jr., in which she played a waitress; The Couple Takes a Wife, starring Bill Bixby; and Wacky Zoo of Morgan City (1972).

In 1974, James L. Brooks and Allan Burns cast Marshall as Janice Dreyfuss, sister-in-law to Paul Dreyfuss (played by actor Paul Sand) in the series Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers. It aired on CBS-TV Saturday nights beginning September 14, 1974. Despite good reviews and decent ratings, it was canceled mid-season. Brooks and Burns, along with studio head Grant Tinker, were so impressed with Marshall's comedic talent that the following season, they hired Marshall and actress Mary Kay Place to play Mary Richards' new neighbors (Paula and Sally Jo) on The Mary Tyler Moore Show.[22]

Garry Marshall, creator and then part-time writer for Happy Days, cast Marshall and Cindy Williams to guest appear on an episode of the show. The installment, titled "A Date with Fonzie",[23] aired on November 11, 1975, and introduced the characters Laverne DeFazio and Shirley Feeney (played by Marshall and Williams, respectively). In that episode, Laverne and Shirley were a pair of wisecracking brewery workers who were dates for Fonzie (Henry Winkler) and Richie (Ron Howard). The pair were such a hit with the studio audience that Garry Marshall decided to co-create and star them in a successful spinoff, Laverne & Shirley (1976–1983).[24]

The characters of Laverne and Shirley appeared in five more episodes of Happy Days. In 1982 at the beginning of Laverne & Shirley's eighth season, Williams left the show due to her pregnancy. Marshall continued with the show, but it was canceled after that season's final episode aired in May 1983.[25]

In 1983, while still filming Laverne & Shirley, Marshall resumed working with James L. Brooks when she guest starred on Taxi in a cameo appearance as herself. In the Taxi episode "Louie Moves Uptown,"^{[citation needed]} Marshall is turned down for residency in a new high-rise condominium in Manhattan. The Laverne & Shirley episode "Lost in Spacesuits"^{[citation needed]} is referred to in the scene.

Marshall would again work with Brooks, now a co-producer for the animated series The Simpsons, when she lent her voice to Ms. Botz, a.k.a. Ms. Botzcowski, the "babysitter bandit," on the first produced episode of The Simpsons,[26] making her the first official guest star to appear on the show.

Marshall also played a cameo role as herself on the HBO series Entourage. She also made a cameo appearance alongside her brother Garry in the Disney Halloween-themed movie Hocus Pocus as husband and wife. She was reunited with her Laverne & Shirley co-star, Cindy Williams, on a November 2013 episode of Sam & Cat.[27][28][29]

Directing career

At the encouragement of her brother, Marshall became interested in directing.[30] While starring on Laverne and Shirley, she began her directing career with four episodes of that show.[31]

In 1979, she directed several episodes of the short-lived sitcom Working Stiffs, starring Michael Keaton and James Belushi. She soon moved on to theatrical films; her first film was going to be Peggy Sue Got Married (which at that point was scheduled to star Debra Winger in the leading role). Marshall and the writers of the film, however, had creative differences, and Marshall left the project, with Winger also leaving out of loyalty to Marshall.[32]

Marshall was soon given the directorial job of Jumpin' Jack Flash (1986) starring Whoopi Goldberg after the original director dropped out of the project.[30] She also gave her daughter Tracy and her brother Garry roles in the film. Marshall described her leap into directing feature films as very hard to learn, likening it to "cramming four years of college into one semester."

While on set all day, she spent her nights planning out the rest of the film, trying to get it finished on time. Marshall also added that Whoopi Goldberg would take her aside and calm her down if she was looking exhausted that day.[33]

In 1999, Marshall's Parkaway Productions company was transferred from Universal to Sony. Jessica Cox was hired to run the company in 2000.[34]

Marshall directed several successful feature films from the mid-1980s onwards, including Big (1988) starring Tom Hanks (the first film directed by a woman to gross over US$100 million), Awakenings (1990) starring Robin Williams and Robert De Niro, A League of Their Own (1992) with Geena Davis, Tom Hanks, Madonna and Rosie O'Donnell, and The Preacher's Wife (1996) starring Denzel Washington and Whitney Houston. In 1991, she was awarded the Women in Film Crystal Award.[35]

In 2010 and 2011, Marshall directed two episodes of the Showtime series United States of Tara. Women in Film and Video presented her with the Women of Vision Award in 2013.[36] The following year, Marshall announced she was developing a biopic on Effa Manley entitled Effa.[37]

Personal life

While at college, Marshall met Michael Henry, a football player, and left school at age twenty to marry him in 1963.[38] They had one daughter named Tracy in 1964 (now Tracy Reiner). The marriage lasted three years.[16]

On April 10, 1971,[39] Marshall married actor and director Rob Reiner, who later adopted Tracy. Her marriage to Reiner ended in 1981. The couple had five grandchildren.[40]

Marshall had a brief relationship with singer Art Garfunkel in the mid-1980s, and he credits her with helping him through his depression.[41]

In 2010, it was reported that Marshall had been diagnosed with lung cancer that had metastasized to her brain, but two years later she was "fine now".[42] Following her recovery she published a memoir, My Mother Was Nuts.[19]

Death

Marshall died in Los Angeles on December 17, 2018, at the age of 75. According to her death certificate, the causes were cardiopulmonary failure, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus type 1.[43][44][45]

Marshall is interred at Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Hollywood Hills. The 'L' from her Laverne character is emblazoned at the bottom of her headstone.[46]

Filmography

Film

Year	Title	Director	Executive Producer
1986	Jumpin' Jack Flash	Yes	No
1988	Big	Yes	No
1990	Awakenings	Yes	Yes
1992	A League of Their Own	Yes	Yes
1994	Renaissance Man	Yes	Yes
1996	The Preacher's Wife	Yes	No
2001	Riding in Cars with Boys	Yes	No

Producer

• Calendar Girl (1993) (executive producer)
• Getting Away with Murder[47] (1996)
• With Friends Like These...[48] (1998)
• Risk (2003)
• Cinderella Man[49] (2005)
• Bewitched[49] (2005)

Acting roles

Year	Film	Role	Notes
1968	The Savage Seven	Tina	[50]
1968	How Sweet It Is!	Tour Girl	[50]
1970	The Grasshopper	Plaster Caster	[50]
1970	Where's Poppa?	Courtroom Spectator	Uncredited
1975	How Come Nobody's on Our Side?	Theresa	aka Capers[51]
1979	1941	Miss Fitzroy	Uncredited[52]
1985	Movers & Shakers	Reva	Cameo[53]
1988	She's Having a Baby	Herself	Uncredited
1991	The Hard Way	Angie	[54]
1993	Hocus Pocus	The Master's Wife	Uncredited[55]
1995	Get Shorty	Herself	Cameo[56]
1998	The Emperor's New Clothes: An All-Star Illustrated Retelling of the Classic Fairy Tale	The Imperial Lady-in-Waiting #2	Voice[57]
1999	Special Delivery
2000	High Fidelity	Funeral Attendee	Uncredited
2004	Stateside	Lt. Chevetone	Uncredited[52]
2005	Looking for Comedy in the Muslim World	Herself	Cameo[58]
2007	Everybody Wants to Be Italian	Teresa the Florist	[59]
2007	Alice Upside Down	Mrs. Plotkin	Direct-to-video film[60]
2007	Blonde Ambition	Bolo Executive	[56]
2011	New Year's Eve	Herself	(segment "Ahern Party")
2014	Going to America	Herself – Famous Director
2015	Staten Island Summer	Dolores
2015	Scooby-Doo! and Kiss: Rock and Roll Mystery	The Elder	Voice, Direct-to-video film[61]
2016	Mother's Day	Narrator	Voice[62]

Television

Director

Year	Title	Notes
1979	Working Stiffs	1 episode: "The Preview Presentation"
1979–1981	Laverne & Shirley	4 episodes: "Squiggy in Love", "The Duke of Squigman", "The Dating Game", "But Seriously, Folks"[50]
1987	The Tracey Ullman Show	1 episode
1993	A League of Their Own	1 episode: "Dottie's Back"[63]
2009	According to Jim	2 episodes: "The Yoga Bear", "Physical Therapy"[50]
2010–2011	United States of Tara	2 episodes: "Explosive Diorama", "Wheels"[50]

Acting roles

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1968–1969	That Girl	Assistant Librarian / Joan	Episodes: "Secret Ballot", "Fix My Screen & Bug Out"[50]
1969	My Friend Tony	Janet	Episode: "Computer Murder"
1969	Then Came Bronson	Claire	Episode: "The Runner"[64]
1970	Love, American Style	Mary Agnes	Episode: "Love and the Pick-Up" segment[50]
1970	Barefoot in the Park		Episode: "In Sickness and in Health"
1970	The Wonderful World of Disney	Mayor's Secretary	Episodes: "The Wacky Zoo of Morgan City" (Parts 1 & 2)
1971	The Feminist and the Fuzz	Liberation Lady	Television film[65]
1971	Getting Together	Mona	Episode: "Those Oldies But Goodies Remind Me of You"[66]
1972–1974	The Odd Couple	Myrna Turner	27 episodes[52]
1972	Evil Roy Slade	Bank Teller	Television film[67]
1972	The Super	Janice	Episode: "The Matchmaker"[68]
1972	The Bob Newhart Show	Stewardess	Episode: "Fly the Unfriendly Skies"[50]
1972	The Crooked Hearts	Waitress	Television film[68]
1972	The Couple Takes a Wife	Paula	Television film[68]
1973	Banacek	Receptionist	Episode: "The Greatest Collection of Them All"
1974–1975	Paul Sand in Friends and Lovers	Janice Dreyfuss	14 episodes[50]
1974–1976	The Mary Tyler Moore Show	Toni / Paula Kovacs	Episodes: "I Was a Single for WJM", "Murray in Love", "Menage-a-Lou"[50]
1975	Let's Switch!	Alice Wright	Television film[69]
1975	Wives	Connie	Television film
1975	Chico and the Man	Anita Cappuccino	Episode: "Chico and the Van"[68]
1975	Saturday Night Live	Herself	Episode: "Rob Reiner"[52]
1975–1979	Happy Days	Laverne DeFazio	5 episodes[50]
1976	Good Heavens		Episode: "Take Me Out to the Ball Game"[70]
1976–1983	Laverne & Shirley	Laverne DeFazio	178 episodes[50]
1977	Saturday Night Live	Herself	Episode: "Live from Mardi Gras"[52]
1977	Blansky's Beauties	Laverne DeFazio	Episode: "Nancy Remembers Laverne"[71]
1978	Mork & Mindy	Laverne DeFazio	Episode: "Pilot"[52]
1978	More Than Friends	Matty Perlman	Television film[68]
1979	Carol Burnett & Company	Herself	Episode #1.3[72]
1981–1982	Laverne & Shirley in the Army	Laverne DeFazio	Voice, 13 episodes[71]
1982	Mork & Mindy/Laverne & Shirley/Fonz Hour	Laverne DeFazio	Voice, 8 episodes (Laverne & Shirley with the Fonz segment)[52]
1983	Taxi	Herself	Episode: "Louie Moves Uptown"[52]
1984	The New Show	Various Characters	Episode #1.4[73]
1984	Love Thy Neighbor	Linda Wilson	Television film[74]
1985	Challenge of a Lifetime	Nora Schoonover	Television film[75]
1990	The Simpsons	Ms. Botz	Voice, Episode: "Some Enchanted Evening"[52]
1993	The Odd Couple Together Again	Myrna	Television film[64]
1996	Saturday Night Live	Various Characters	Episode: "Rosie O'Donnell/Whitney Houston"[52]
1998	Tracey Takes On...	Herself	Episode: "Hollywood"
1998	Nash Bridges	Iris Heller	Episode: "Skin Deep"
1999	Jackie's Back!	Herself	Cameo
2004	Frasier	Celeste	Voice, Episode: "Frasier-Lite"
2006	Campus Ladies		Episode: "Webcam"[52]
2006	Bones	Herself	Episode: "The Woman at the Airport"[52]
2008	The Game	Doris Fox	Episode: "A Delectable Basket of Treats"[52]
2012	The Life & Times of Tim	PR Executive	Voice, Episode: "The Smug Chiropractor/Corporate Disaster"
2012	Portlandia	Barbara	Episode: "Feminist Book Store 10th Anniversary"[52]
2013	Sam & Cat	Sylvia Burke	Episode: "#SalmonCat"[27]
2014	Mulaney	Tutti	Episode: "Sweet Jane"[76]
2016	The Odd Couple	Patty Dombrowski	Episode: "Taffy Days", (final appearance)[49]

Analysis

Cinematic techniques used

This section possibly contains original research. (December 2021)

One of Penny Marshall’s styles is the use of simple pictures that allow the actor to convey the message. All her films are not multi-million dollar movies filled with special effects or fancy camera action. However, she employs a loose framing-focusing camera on actors so that they are distinguished from the background.[77] The loose framing focus is accompanied by very strong lighting of the scene to increase visibility on specific objects and important characters in the scene. Additionally, throughout her directing, she uses film to tell a story. She does not attempt to use film as an art form.[77] Thus, all her story sources are made up of original and adapted screenplays. For instance, Big was written by Gary Ross; best known as film writer and producer of Pleasantville. Additionally, Anne Spielberg who wrote "Toy Story" is one of the accomplished film writers and producers. Moreover, "Awakenings" was adapted from Oliver Sack’s book and written by Steven Zaillian for the screen. Steven is the writer of Schindler's List and A Civil Action, just to name a few. Furthermore, she relies on character techniques to portray the meaning of themes in the films.[77] For instance, she uses prominent characters like Malcolm Sayer and Josh Baskin whose characters reflect their persona as well as draw people to the film. Additionally, Penny Marshall places a big emphasis on the settings which are very selective in details. Another Penny Marshall technique is that her films are classical.[77] For instance, Marshall's best directorial accomplishment was in Awakenings that starred Robin Williams and Robert DeNiro. The film was nominated for Best Actor (Robert DeNiro), Best Picture, and Best Adapted Screenplay. "Awakenings" is organized upon a three-act structure. A League of their Own is a tale that is strongly centered on the plot; and there exist both bad and good people, as well as characters that get changed by their experiences.

Central themes in Marshall's films

Marshall's films tend to address contemporary issues in society such as coming of age, women’s accomplishments, and oppression of the mentally disabled.[78] For instance, the oppression of the mentally disabled is well elaborated in the film Awakenings. The film unites two big stars in a story about the plight of mentally disabled individuals and how a person who is not living with any life-threatening condition gets to learn a lesson about humanity after spending time with a mentally disabled person.[79][80] Achievement of women has been elaborated well in the film A League of Their Own, a film that stars two blood sisters joining the women’s baseball league during World War II. In that time, many men in professional leagues joined the armed forces.[81] The movie exposes exciting victories and personal conflicts on the field, while, at the same time, building sisterhood and strong bonds among teammates.

Awards

• 1978: Golden Globe Nominee—Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series—Musical or Comedy
• 1979: Golden Globe Nominee—Best Performance by an Actress in a Television Series—Musical or Comedy
• 1980: Golden Globe Nominee—Best Actress in a Television Series—Comedy or Musical Laverne & Shirley[82]
• 1988: Venice Film Festival Winner—Children and Cinema Award—Special Mention for Big (1988)
• 1990: Saturn Award Nominee—Best Director for film Big (1988) (Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy and Horror Films USA)
• 1992: American Comedy Awards Winner—Lifetime Creative Achievement Award[83]
• 1992: Hochi Film Awards Winner—Best Foreign Film for A League of Their Own
• 1994: New York Women in Film and Television Winner of Muse Award
• 1995: Flaiano International Prizes Winner—Career Award in Cinema
• 1997: Elle Women in Hollywood Awards Winner—Icon Award (shared with Meryl Streep, Jane Campion, and Laura Ziskin)^{[citation needed]}
• 1998: Munich Film Festival Winner of High Hopes Award for With Friends Like These...^{[citation needed]}
• 2000: Online Film & Television Association Winner—OFTA TV Hall of Fame[84]
• 2002: Cabourg Romantic Film Festival—Golden Swann Winner for film Riding in Cars with Boys (2001)^{[citation needed]}
• 2004, Star on the Walk of Fame at 7021 Hollywood Blvd.[85]
• 2013: Society of Camera Operators Winner—Governor's Award[86]

References

External links

• Penny Marshall at Find a Grave
• Penny Marshall at IMDb
• Turner Classic Movies
• Penny Marshall at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
• Penny Marshall at The Interviews: An Oral History of Television
• Penny Marshall at Aveleyman (older version)

На других языках

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[de] Penny Marshall

Penny Marshall (* 15. Oktober 1943 als Carole Penelope Masciarelli im Stadtteil Bronx in New York City; † 17. Dezember 2018 in den Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles, Kalifornien[1]) war eine US-amerikanische Filmregisseurin, Filmproduzentin und Schauspielerin.

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- [en] Penny Marshall

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[es] Penny Marshall

Carole Penny Marshall (Nueva York, 15 de octubre de 1943-Los Ángeles, 17 de diciembre de 2018)[1] fue una actriz, productora y directora de cine estadounidense.

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[ru] Маршалл, Пенни

Кэ́рол Пе́нни Ма́ршалл (англ. Carole Penny Marshall; 15 октября 1943, Нью-Сити, штат Нью-Йорк, США — 17 декабря 2018, Лос-Анджелес, США) — американская актриса, кинорежиссёр, продюсер. Получила известность благодаря роли Лаверны в телесериале «Лаверна и Ширли», которая принесла ей три номинации на премию «Золотой глобус». Позже она добилась успеха как режиссёр и продюсер, став первой женщиной-режиссёром, фильм которой собрал более 100 млн долларов в американском прокате. Её самыми известными режиссёрскими работами являются картины «Большой», отмеченный несколькими номинациями на «Оскар», а также «Пробуждение», «Их собственная лига» и «Жена священника».

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