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Alonso Quijano (Spanish: [aˈlonso kiˈxano]; spelled Quixano in English and in the Spanish of Cervantes' day, pronounced [aˈlons̺o kiˈʃano]) is the personal name of the famous fictional hidalgo (lowest nobility caste) who is better known as Don Quijote, a name he invents after either falling into or pretending madness (insanity). Alonso Quijano/Don Quijote is the leading character of the 1605/1615 novel Don Quijote de la Mancha, written by Miguel de Cervantes.

Alonso Quijano
Don Quixote character
Alonso Quijano (seated) beside his squire Sancho. Illustration by Wilhelm Marstrand (1810–1873).
Created byMiguel de Cervantes
Portrayed byFeodor Chaliapin
Nikolay Cherkasov
Peter O'Toole
John Lithgow
In-universe information
GenderMale
TitleHidalgo
OccupationLandowner
ReligionRoman Catholic
NationalitySpanish

At the outset of the work (Chapter 1 of Part I) we are informed that there is confusion about what his name is. Some (imaginary) authors, the text says, disagree about whether his name was Quijada ("jaw") or Quesada, although by reasoning ("conjeturas verosímiles") one could arrive at the name Quijana. At this point, Quijano is not even mentioned as a possibility, nor is Alonso, hinting the reader into one of the most notable yet purposefully obfuscated examples of an unreliable narrator. In Chapter 49 of Part I he tells us that he was a direct descendant of Gutierre Quijada. His "real" name of Alonso Quijano is only revealed (invented) in the last chapter of Part II, and with the stated purpose of demonstrating the falseness of the spurious Part II of the pseudonymous Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda, in which work the protagonist is Martín Quijada.

Knights in the chivalric books Alonso Quijano read, which reading caused his madness, have nicknames. In Chapter 19 of Part I his squire Sancho Panza invents his first nickname, the hard-to-translate "Caballero de la Triste Figura": knight of miserable (triste) appearance (figura). Sancho explains its meaning: Don Quijote is the worst-looking man he has ever seen, thin from hunger and missing most of his teeth. After an encounter with lions, Don Quijote himself invents his second nickname, "Knight of the Lions", in Part II, Chapter 17. Both titles reference famous knights: Ysaie le Triste, the son of Tristan and Iseult, and Yvain, the Knight of the Lion.


Physical characteristics


Besides the above comment of Sancho, we find the following descriptions of him:


На других языках


- [en] Alonso Quijano

[es] Don Quijote (personaje)

Alonso Quijano es el nombre del hidalgo don Quijote, protagonista de la novela Don Quijote de la Mancha, escrita por Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, que ya al inicio de la obra explica que Alonso Quijano «quiso ponerse nombre a sí mismo, y en este pensamiento duró otros ocho días, y al cabo se vino a llamar don Quijote. [...] Quiso, como buen caballero, añadir al suyo el nombre de su patria y llamarse "don Quijote de la Mancha", con que a su parecer declaraba muy al vivo su linaje y patria, y la honraba».[1]

[fr] Alonso Quichano

Alonso Quijano[N 1], francisé Alonso Quichano, est le véritable nom de l'hidalgo Don Quichotte, personnage de fiction espagnol du roman Don Quichotte.

[it] Alonso Chisciano

Alonso Chisciano (Alonso Quijano), meglio conosciuto come don Chisciotte della Mancia (in spagnolo don Quijote de la Mancha), è un personaggio letterario, protagonista del romanzo in due parti L'ingegnoso hidalgo don Chisciotte della Mancia dello scrittore spagnolo Miguel de Cervantes. Inizialmente un nobile di basso rango di campagna, lettore fanatico di romanzi cavallereschi, impazzisce e poi assume il nome di don Chisciotte; trascinando sé stesso e quello che diverrà il suo scudiero, il contadino Sancio Panza, in una serie di avventure paradossali che quasi sempre avranno un triste epilogo.

[ru] Дон Кихот

Дон Кихо́т (исп. Don Quijote, в средневековой испанской орфографии — Don Quixote) — центральный образ романа Мигеля де Сервантеса (1547—1616) «Хитроумный идальго Дон Кихот Ламанчский» (исп. El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha) — одного из наиболее популярных произведений мировой литературы.



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