fiction.wikisort.org - Character

Search / Calendar

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer is a fictional reindeer created by Robert L. May. Rudolph is usually depicted as the ninth and youngest of Santa Claus's reindeer, using his luminous red nose to lead the reindeer team and guide Santa's sleigh on Christmas Eve. Though he initially receives ridicule for his nose as a fawn, the brightness of his nose is so powerful that it illuminates the team's path through harsh winter weather. Ronald D. Lankford, Jr., described Rudolph's story as "the fantasy story made to order for American children: each child has the need to express and receive approval for his or her individuality and/or special qualities. Rudolph's story embodies the American Dream for the child, written large because of the cultural significance of Christmas."[1]

This article is about the character. For the song, see Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song). For other uses, see Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (disambiguation).

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
Cover of one of the books of the Robert L. May story by Maxton Publishers, Inc.
First appearance1939
Created byRobert L. May
Voiced byBillie Mae Richards (TV specials, 1964–2010)
Kathleen Barr (Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys)
In-universe information
NicknameRudolph in Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie: Red, Rudy, Rudy the Red nosed Reject, Neon-nose.
SpeciesReindeer
GenderMale
TitleThe Red Nosed Reindeer
FamilyDonner and Mrs. Donner (parents in 1964 TV special)
Blitzen (father in 1998 film)
Mitzi (mother in 1998 film)
Rusty (brother in Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen)
Arrow (cousin in 1998 film)
Comet, Cupid and Dasher (uncles in 1998 film)
Leroy, the Redneck Reindeer (cousin from the Joe Diffie song of the same name, on the album, Mr. Christmas)
Robbie (son in Robbie the Reindeer)

Rudolph first appeared in a 1939 booklet written by May and published by Montgomery Ward, the department store.[2][3][4]

The story is owned by The Rudolph Company, LP and has been adapted into numerous forms including the song by Johnny Marks, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, Rudolph's Shiny New Year, and Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July from Rankin/Bass Productions, as well as Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys from GoodTimes Entertainment.[5] Character Arts, LLC manages the licensing for the Rudolph Company, LP and DreamWorks Classics. In many countries, Rudolph has become a figure of Christmas folklore. 2014 marked the 75th anniversary of the character[6] and the 50th anniversary of the Rankin/Bass television special.[7] A series of postage stamps featuring Rudolph was issued by the United States Postal Service on November 6, 2014.[8]


Publication history


Robert L. May created Rudolph in 1939 as an assignment for Chicago-based Montgomery Ward. The retailer had been buying and giving away coloring books for Christmas every year and it was decided that creating their own book would save money. May considered naming the reindeer "Rollo" or "Reginald" before deciding upon using the name "Rudolph".[9] May said his daughter liked reindeer, and he said he was treated like Rudolph as a child.[10] In its first year of publication, Montgomery Ward distributed 2.4 million copies of Rudolph's story.[11] The story is written as a poem in anapestic tetrameter, the same meter as "A Visit from St. Nicholas" (also known as "'Twas the Night Before Christmas").[12] Publication and reprint rights for the book Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer are controlled by Pearson PLC.[citation needed]

While May was pondering how best to craft a Christmas story about a reindeer, while staring out his office window in downtown Chicago, a thick fog from Lake Michigan blocked his view—giving him a flash of inspiration. "Suddenly I had it!" he recalled. "A nose! A bright red nose that would shine through fog like a spotlight."[13]

The cultural significance of a red nose has changed since the story's publication. In 1930s popular culture, a bright red nose was closely associated with chronic alcoholism and drunkards, so the story idea was initially rejected. May asked his illustrator friend at Montgomery Ward, Denver Gillen, to draw "cute reindeer", using zoo deer as models. The alert, bouncy character Gillen developed convinced management to support the idea.[14]

Maxton Books published the first mass-market edition of Rudolph in 1947[citation needed] and a sequel, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Shines Again, in 1954.[citation needed] In 1992, Applewood Books published Rudolph's Second Christmas, an unpublished sequel that Robert May wrote in 1947.[citation needed] In 2003, Penguin Books issued a reprint version of the original Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer with new artwork by Lisa Papp.[citation needed] Penguin also reprinted May's sequels, Rudolph Shines Again and Rudolph's Second Christmas (now retitled Rudolph to the Rescue).[15]


Story


The story chronicles the experiences of Rudolph, a youthful reindeer buck (male) who possesses an unusual luminous red nose. Mocked and excluded by his peers because of this trait, Rudolph proves himself one Christmas Eve with poor visibility due to inclement weather. After Santa Claus catches sight of Rudolph's nose and asks Rudolph to lead his sleigh for the evening, Rudolph agrees and is finally favored by his fellow reindeer for his heroism and accomplishment.


In media



Theatrical cartoon short (1948)


Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (1948 film)

Rudolph made his first screen appearance in 1948, in a cartoon short produced by Max Fleischer for the Jam Handy Corporation that was more faithful to May's original story than Marks' song, which had not yet been written.[16] It was reissued in 1951 with the song added.[16]


Song (1949)


Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (song)

May's brother-in-law, Johnny Marks, adapted the story of Rudolph into a song. Gene Autry's recording of the song hit No. 1 on the Billboard pop singles chart the week of Christmas 1949. Autry's recording sold 2.5 million copies the first year, eventually selling a total of 25 million, and it remained the second best-selling record of all time until the 1980s.[17]


View-Master reels (1950, 1955)


The stereoscope View-Master version of the story was issued and copyrighted by Sawyer's on August 1, 1950, as a 14 frame, 7 image reel and numbered "FT-25".[18] The text was provided by Thomas L. Dixon and the model and diorama work by Florence Thomas.[19] A follow-up 3 reel packet, also with Thomas involved, was copyrighted on September 10, 1955.[20] These showcased new stories by Robert L. May: Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer and J. Baddy, the Brilliant Bear (FT-26), Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer and Uncle Bigby, the Blue-Nosed Reindeer (FT-27) and Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer Shines Again (FT-28). Later reissue packets of the 1960s and beyond replaced the FT-28 version with the 1950 FT-25 version. The 1955 packet was promoted on television at the time by Arlene Francis.


Comic books (beginning in 1950)


DC Comics, then known as National Periodical Publications, published a series of 13 annuals titled Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer from 1950 to 1962.[21][22] Rube Grossman drew most of the 1950s stories.[23]

In 1972, DC Comics published a 14th edition in an extra-large format. Subsequently, they published six more in that format: Limited Collectors' Edition C-20, C-24, C-33, C-42, C-50[24] and All-New Collectors' Edition C-53, C-60.[25]

Additionally, one digest format edition was published as The Best of DC #4 (March–April 1980).[26] The 1970s Rudolph stories were written and drawn by Sheldon Mayer.[27][28]


Children's book (1958)


In 1958, Little Golden Books published an illustrated storybook, adapted by Barbara Shook Hazen and illustrated by Richard Scarry. The book, similar in story to the Max Fleischer cartoon short, is no longer in print, but a revised Little Golden Books version of the storybook was reissued in 1972.[29]


Stop-motion animation television special (1964) and sequels (1976–1979)


Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (TV special)
Young Rudolph (right) and Hermey the Elf as seen in the 1964 TV special.
Young Rudolph (right) and Hermey the Elf as seen in the 1964 TV special.

Perhaps the most well-known version of all the Rudolph adaptations is New York-based Rankin/Bass Productions' Christmas television special in 1964.[30] Filmed in stop-motion "Animagic" at Tadahito Mochinaga's MOM Productions in Tokyo, Japan, with the screenplay written by Romeo Muller and all sound recordings (with supervision by Bernard Cowan) done at the RCA studios in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, the show premiered on NBC. As the producers of the special, Arthur Rankin, Jr. and Jules Bass, only had the song as source material and did not have a copy of the original book, they interpolated an original story around the central narrative of the song, one that differed from the book. This re-telling chronicles Rudolph's social rejection among his peers and his decision to run away from home. Rudolph is accompanied by a similarly outcast elf named Hermey, who skipped elf practice to become a dentist, along with a loud, boisterous, eager prospector named Yukon Cornelius who was in search of wealth. Additional original characters include Rudolph's love interest, Clarice; the antagonistic "Abominable Snow Monster of the North"; and, as narrator, Sam the living Snowman, voiced by Burl Ives.

In the 1964 stop-motion movie, Rudolph is born to Donner the reindeer and Donner's wife. He is discovered by Santa to have a shiny, glowing red nose. For a while he hides this quality that makes him different, but when his nose is discovered and he is ostracized, Rudolph runs away with Hermey, an elf who also considers himself a misfit. On their aimless journey, they run into Yukon Cornelius, and attempt to stay away from the Bumble, a huge abominable snow monster. Their journey leads them to the Island of Misfit Toys, where sentient but unorthodox toys go when they are abandoned by their owners. When Rudolph returns, he discovers his family went to look for him and must be rescued. Then Santa announces that due to bad weather Christmas must be cancelled. Santa changes his mind when he notices Rudolph's red nose and asks Rudolph to lead the sleigh team, which he happily accepts.

After the story's initial broadcast, its closing credits were revised. Images of wrapped presents being dropped from Santa's sleigh were replaced by a scene in which Santa stops to pick up the Misfit Toys and delivers them to the homes of children below via umbrellas (with the exception of the misfit toy bird that swims but does not fly who is dropped to its destination). The changes were prompted by viewer feedback pleading for a happy ending for the Misfits Toys as well. The special now airs annually on CBS, rather than NBC, and is hailed as a classic by many. The special's original assortment of characters have acquired iconic status.

The success and popularity of the special led to two sequels Rudolph's Shiny New Year (1976) which continued the reindeer's journeys, and the series was made into a trilogy with the feature-length film Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July (1979), which integrated the Rudolph universe into that of Rankin/Bass's adaptation of Frosty the Snowman (1969). Being one of the most popular Rankin/Bass characters, Rudolph also made his cameo appearances in two "Animagic" specials Santa Claus is Comin' to Town (1970) and Nestor, the Long–Eared Christmas Donkey (1977), and in the Easter television special The First Easter Rabbit (1976) with cel animation by Toru Hara's Topcraft.


Animated feature-length films


Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie (1998) is an 2D-animated feature film presented by GoodTimes Entertainment and Golden Books Family Entertainment (now Western Publishing), and produced by Tundra Productions in Hollywood, California. It received only a limited theatrical release before debuting on home video. Its inclusion of a villain, a love interest, a sidekick, and a strong protector are more derivative of the Rankin/Bass adaptation of the story than the original tale and song (the characters of Stormella, Zoey, Arrow, Slyly, and Leonard parallel the Rankin/Bass characters of the Bumble, Clarice, Fireball, Hermey, and Yukon Cornelius, respectively). The movie amplifies the early backstory of Rudolph's harassment by his schoolmates (primarily his cousin Arrow) during his formative years. It was produced and directed by William R. Kowalchuk, and written by Michael Aschner, with music and songs by Al Kasha and Michael Lloyd, and with most of the casting being assembled at BLT Productions in Vancouver, British Columbia. The film's recording facilities were Pinewood Sound in Vancouver, Schwartz Sound in New York, and Wally Burr Recording in Hollywood. Among the all-star cast of voices were American actors John Goodman, Whoopi Goldberg, Debbie Reynolds, Richard Simmons and Bob Newhart, British actor Eric Idle, and Canadian actress Kathleen Barr as Rudolph. Animation production services for the film were outsourced to Colorland Animation Productions in Hong Kong.

Main article: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys

GoodTimes Entertainment, the producers of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer: The Movie, brought back most of the same production team for a CGI animated sequel, Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys (2001). Unlike the previous film, the sequel featured the original characters from the Rankin/Bass special (as GoodTimes soon learned that Rankin/Bass had made a copyright error that made the characters unique to their special free to use).

Role Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer:
The Movie
(1998)		 Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer and the Island of Misfit Toys
(2001)
Director William R. Kowalchuk
Producer
Writer Michael Aschner
Composer Al Kasha and Michael Lloyd Bruce Roberts and Diana B
Editor Tom Hok Lennie Nelson
Production
companies		 GoodTimes Entertainment
Golden Books Family Entertainment
Tundra Productions
Distributor Legacy Releasing GoodTimes Entertainment
Running time 80 minutes 74 minutes
Release date October 6, 1998 October 30, 2001

Other


A live-action version of Rudolph (complete with glowing nose) along with Donner and Blitzen appears in the Doctor Who Christmas special, "Last Christmas" which was broadcast on BBC One on 25 December 2014.[31] In this special, Santa is able to park him like a car and turn off his nose.

Nathaniel Dominy, an anthropology professor at Dartmouth College (Robert L. May's alma mater), published a scholarly paper on Rudolph's red nose in the open access online journal Frontiers for Young Minds in 2015. In the paper, Dominy noted that reindeer eyes can perceive shorter wavelengths of light than humans, allowing them to see ultraviolet light; ultraviolet light, however, is much more easily scattered in fog, which would blind reindeer. Thus, Rudolph's red nose, emitting longer-wavelength red light, would penetrate the fog more easily. A summary of Dominy's findings was released in an Associated Press article on December 22.[32]


Cast and characters


CharactersStop-motion television specialsFeature-length filmsSpin-off specials
Rudolph the Red-Nosed ReindeerRudolph's Shiny New YearRudolph and Frosty's
Christmas in July		Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer:
The Movie		Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer
and the Island of Misfit Toys		Robbie the Reindeer in Hooves of Fire
196419761979199820011999
Rudolph Billie Mae RichardsKathleen Barrunseen but implied
Michael Lloyd (singing voice)
Eric Pospisil (young)
Santa Claus Stan FrancisPaul FreesMickey Rooney John GoodmanGarry ChalkRicky Tomlinson (U.K.)
Jim Belushi (U.S.)
Dasher Silent rolePaul Dobson
Dancer Terry Klassen
Prancer Paul Whitehouse (U.K.)
Brad Garrett (U.S.)
Vixen Lee TockarCaroline Quentin (U.K.)
Leah Remini (U.S.)
Comet Paul KligmanScott McNeil
Cupid David Kaye
Donner Paul KligmanJane Horrocks (U.K.)
Britney Spears (U.S.)
Blitzen Garry ChalkSteve Coogan (U.K.)
Hugh Grant (U.S.)
Mrs. Claus Peg DixonDebbie ReynoldsKathleen BarrJean Alexander (U.K.)
Grey DeLisle (U.S.)
Sam the Snowman Burl IvesRichard DreyfussAlistair McGowan (impersonating Alan Hansen) (U.K.)
Dan Dierdorf (U.S.)
Abominable Snowman uncreditedAlistair McGowan (impersonating Des Lynam) (U.K.)
Dick Enberg (U.S.)
Head Elf Carl BanasRhys Ifans (U.K.)
Rob Paulsen (U.S.)
Hermey Paul SolesScott McNeil
Clarice/Zooey Janis Orensteinsilent cameoMyriam SiroisElizabeth Savenkoff
Shawn Southwick (singing voice)
Yukon Cornelius Larry D. MannScott McNeil
King Moonracer Stan FrancisColin Murdock
Charlie-in-the-Box Alfie ScoppLee Tockar
Father Time characters absentRed Skeltonpicture cameo
Big Ben Harold Peary
Frosty the Snowman Jackie Vernon
Crystal Shelley Winters
Jack Frost Paul Frees
King Winterbolt
Mr. Cuddles the Toy Taker Rick Moranis
Bruce Roberts (singing voice)
Robbie Ardal O'Hanlon (U.K.)
Ben Stiller (U.S.)
Old Jingle Harry Enfield (U.K.)
Jerry Stiller (U.S.)

Homages in media



Film



Games



Music



Television and webisodes



Relatives in different adaptations



Parents



Offspring


Three BBC animations carry on the legend by introducing Rudolph's son, Robbie the Reindeer. However, Rudolph is never directly mentioned by name (references are replaced by the first and second films' villain Blitzen interrupting with the phrase, "Don't say that name!", or something similar, presumably for copyright reasons.)

The 2021 HBO Max miniseries Santa Inc. features Junior, who is Rudolph's son and the leader of Santa's A Team of reindeer.[34]


Siblings


Rudolph is also given a younger brother, Rusty Reindeer, in the American special, Holidaze: The Christmas That Almost Didn't Happen (2006). Like in the "Robbie the Reindeer" cartoons, Rudolph's name is not said in the film (though he was referred to as Rudy by an elf at the start of the film) nor does he make a physical appearance. However, he does appear on a poster and one scene in the film shows a cardboard cutout and toys of Rudolph. Unlike previous versions of the character, this Rudolph has a black nose, which is only red when lit up.

Michael Fry and T. Lewis have given Rudolph another brother in a series of Over the Hedge comic strips: an overweight, emotionally damaged reindeer named Ralph, the Infra-Red nosed Reindeer, who is referred to as Rudolph's older brother. Ralph's red nose is good for defrosting Santa's sleigh and warming up toast and waffles; he enviously complains about his brother Rudolph's publicity and his own anonymity.


Aunts, uncles, and cousins



References


  1. Lankford, Ronald D. (2013). Sleigh Rides Jingle Bells & Silent Nights: A Cultural History of American Christmas Songs. Gainesville, Florida: University Press of Florida. p. 86. ISBN 978-0813044927.
  2. Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P. (December 19, 2010). "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer". Urban Legends Reference Pages. Snopes.com. Archived from the original on July 8, 2009. Retrieved December 2, 2011.
  3. Ramer, Holly; Talbot, Toby (photo) (December 23, 2011). "Scrapbook tells how Rudolph went down in history". Hanover, NH. Associated Press. Retrieved December 23, 2011.
  4. Kim, Wook (December 17, 2012). "Yule Laugh, Yule Cry: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Beloved Holiday Songs". Time. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014.
  5. Whipp, Deborah. "The History of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer". Altogether Christmas.
  6. Parrella, Andrew (December 18, 2014). "From The Archives: Rudolph Turns 75". New Hampshire Public Radio. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014.
  7. "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer celebrates 50th anniversary". CBS News. December 9, 2014. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014.
  8. "Rudolph all red-nosed over stamp of approval". United States Postal Service. November 6, 2014. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer, the nation’s longest-running and highest-rated Christmas television special 'went down in history' to receive its stamp of approval today. The set of four Limited Edition Forever stamps depicting Rudolph, Hermey, Santa and Bumble were created from still television frames from the special which premiered 50 years ago in 1964.
  9. "Old Fashioned Christmas". University Place/Wisconsin Historical Society. December 12, 2010. 0:28 minutes in. Wisconsin Public Television.
  10. Lippert, Barbara (December 18, 2017). "Like a Light Bulb!". Advertising Age. p. 32.
  11. Moreau, Jennifer (December 24, 2010). "Rudolph's Burnaby roots". Burnaby Now. p. A11.
  12. "'Rudolph': The Original Red-Nosed Manuscript". Npr.org. Archived from the original on December 27, 2013. Retrieved December 13, 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  13. Powell, J. Mark. "The Jewish man who created a Christmas classic". Washington Examiner. Retrieved December 20, 2017.
  14. Chow, Wanda (December 2010). "How Rudolph the reindeer came to be". Burnaby Now. p. A3.
  15. "Rudolph's Second Christmas by May, Robert Lewis: Applewood Books, Old Saybrook 9781557091925 Hardcover, First Edition, First Printing. - primeeditions". Abebooks.com. January 22, 2003. Retrieved January 14, 2019.
  16. "Library of Congress Unveils Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Restoration". Animation World Network. December 18, 2014. Retrieved December 11, 2015.
  17. Jackson, Kenneth T. Jackson; Markoe, Karen; Markoe, Arnie (1998). The Scribner Encyclopedia of American Lives. Simon and Schuster. p. 28.
  18. Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series, Volume 4: Works of Art, Reproductions of Works of Art, Scientific and Technical Drawings, Photographic Works, Prints and Pictorial Illustrations 1950 Library of Congress
  19. "The View-Master Database".
  20. Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series, Volume 9: Works of Art, Reproductions of Works of Art, Scientific and Technical Drawings, Photographic Works, Prints and Pictorial Illustrations 1955 Library of Congress
  21. Irvine, Alex (2010). "1950s". In Dolan, Hannah (ed.). DC Comics Year By Year A Visual Chronicle. London, United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-7566-6742-9. DC began an annual tradition of producing a Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Christmas special. Following the success of the famous song (released in 1949), DC licensed the character and put Rudolph at the center of a series of lighthearted adventures...The Christmas Special would continue until 1962, and then return from 1972–1977.
  22. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer at the Grand Comics Database and Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer Annual at the Grand Comics Database
  23. Markstein, Don. "Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on September 12, 2012. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
  24. Limited Collectors' Edition #C-20, #C-24, #C-33, #C-42, and #C-50 at the Grand Comics Database
  25. All-New Collectors' Edition #C-53 and #C-60 at the Grand Comics Database
  26. "The Best of DC #4 (March–April 1980)". Grand Comics Database.
  27. Markstein, Don (2006). "Sheldon Mayer". Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on December 3, 2011. Retrieved December 3, 2011. [Mayer] also worked on several tabloid-formatted comic books for DC in the mid-1970s, including the company's first use of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer since the early 60s.
  28. Arnold, Mark (December 2012). "You Know Dasher and Dancer: Rudolph The Red-Nosed Reindeer". Back Issue!. TwoMorrows Publishing (61): 7–10.
  29. Hazen, Barbara Shook; May, Robert L. (1972). Rudolph The Red-nosed Reindeer - A Golden Book. Richard Scarry (9th ed.). Golden Press.
  30. Voger, Mark (2020). "TV Animation - Special Treatment". Holly Jolly: Celebrating Christmas Past in Pop Culture. Raleigh, North Carolina: TwoMorrows Publishing. p. 171. ISBN 978-1605490977.
  31. "Doctor Who". BBC. December 12, 2014. Archived from the original on December 21, 2014. Retrieved December 16, 2014. In the North Pole the Doctor and Clara are joined by a familiar figure… and his reindeer!
  32. Ramer, Holly (December 22, 2015). "Rudolph's shiny red nose may be tied to eyes that glow blue". Associated Press. Retrieved December 22, 2015.
  33. ""Little Saint Nick" Lyrics". Lyricsfreak.com. n.d. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014.
  34. "Santa Inc. Review: Exploring the Bureaucracy of the Imaginary". December 7, 2021.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.

На других языках

[de] Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer

Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer (Rudolph, das rotnasige Rentier) ist der Titel eines auf einem Malbuch für Kinder basierenden Weihnachtslieds von Johnny Marks, das 1949 in der Interpretation von Gene Autry auf Single erschien und Millionenseller-Status erreichte. Es gab mehrere Verfilmungen, darunter 1998 auch einen Zeichentrickfilm in Spielfilmlänge.
- [en] Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer

[es] Rodolfo el reno

Rudolph (en inglés) o Rodolfo (en español), es el nombre de uno de los nueve renos navideños que, según la mitología navideña, tiran del trineo mágico con el cual Papá Noel (Santa Claus) viaja por el mundo repartiendo los regalos de la Navidad en la noche del 24 de diciembre. De los nueve renos, él es el último en unirse al trineo de Santa, pero también es el más popular por su particular nariz roja.

[fr] Rudolphe le renne au nez rouge

Rudolphe le renne au nez rouge est, au départ, une histoire populaire américaine écrite en 1939 par Robert L. May, puis une chanson, Rudolph the Red-nosed Reindeer, écrite par Johnny Marks en 1949.

[it] Rudolph la renna dal naso rosso

Rudolph la renna dal naso rosso (Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer) è un personaggio immaginario creato da Robert L. May, apparso per la prima volta nel 1939 in un libretto pubblicato dalla Montgomery Ward[1]. Rudolph è una renna che utilizza il suo naso rosso e luminoso per illuminare e rendere visibile il sentiero, spesso offuscato dalle tempeste di neve, alle renne trainanti la slitta di Babbo Natale durante la consegna dei regali. È conosciuta anche come "la nona renna di Babbo Natale", diventando uno dei personaggi più popolari del folclore natalizio.

[ru] Рудольф (олень)

Рудольф, красноносый северный олень (англ. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer) — персонаж литературы и кинематографа, впервые появившийся в произведении Роберта Л. Мэя[en] в 1939 году. Рудольф, придуманный в рамках рекламной кампании универмага Montgomery Wards, приуроченной к рождественским распродажам, с тех пор стал персонажем, в первую очередь ассоциируемым с Рождеством и Санта-Клаусом. В 1948 году на экраны вышел короткометражный анимационный фильм[en] по стихотворению Мэя, а в 1949 году появилась рождественская песня Джонни Маркса на слова Мэя, ставшая рождественским стандартом. Образ Рудольфа был популяризован кукольным анимационным телефильмом[en] 1964 года и полнометражным рисованным анимационным фильмом 1998 года.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии