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Das Boot (German pronunciation: [das ˈboːt], English: "The Boat") is a 1981 West German war film written and directed by Wolfgang Petersen, produced by Günter Rohrbach, and starring Jürgen Prochnow, Herbert Grönemeyer, and Klaus Wennemann. It has been exhibited both as a theatrical release and a TV miniseries (1985). There are also several different home video versions as well as a director's cut supervised by Petersen in 1997.

This article is about the film. For the TV series, see Das Boot (TV series). For other uses, see Das Boot (disambiguation).

Das Boot
Original German theatrical poster
Directed byWolfgang Petersen
Screenplay byWolfgang Petersen
Based onDas Boot
by Lothar-Günther Buchheim
Produced byGünter Rohrbach
Starring
CinematographyJost Vacano
Edited byHannes Nikel
Music byKlaus Doldinger
Production
companies
  • Bavaria Film
  • Radiant Film
  • Westdeutscher Rundfunk
  • SWR Fernsehen
Distributed by
  • Neue Constantin Film (Germany)
  • Columbia Pictures (International)
Release date
  • 17 September 1981 (1981-09-17)
Running time
149 minutes (see § Different versions and home media)
CountryWest Germany
LanguageGerman
BudgetDM 32 million (equivalent to €34 million 2021)
Box office$84.9 million[1] (equivalent to $238 million 2021)
The tower of the submarine, Bavaria Studios, Munich
The tower of the submarine, Bavaria Studios, Munich

An adaptation of Lothar-Günther Buchheim's 1973 German novel of the same name based on his experiences aboard German submarine U-96, the film is set during World War II and follows U-96 and its crew, as they set out on a hazardous patrol in the Battle of the Atlantic. It depicts both the excitement of battle and the tedium of the fruitless hunt, and shows the men serving aboard U-boats as ordinary individuals with a desire to do their best for their comrades and their country.

Development began in 1979. Several American directors were considered three years earlier before the film was shelved. During production, Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock, the captain of the real U-96 during Buchheim's 1941 patrol and one of Germany's top U-boat "tonnage aces" during the war, and Hans-Joachim Krug, former first officer on U-219, served as consultants. One of Petersen's goals was to guide the audience through "a journey to the edge of the mind" (the film's German tagline Eine Reise ans Ende des Verstandes), showing "what war is all about".[2]

Produced with a budget of DM 32 million (about $18.5 million, equivalent to €34 million 2021), the film's high production cost ranks it among the most expensive films in German cinema, but the film was a commercial success and grossed $84.9 million worldwide (equivalent to $220 million in 2020). Columbia Pictures released both a German version and an English-dubbed version in the United States theatrically through their Triumph classics label, earning $11 million.[3] The film received highly positive reviews and was nominated for six Academy Awards, two of these nominations (for Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay) went to Petersen himself; he was also nominated for a BAFTA Award and DGA Award.


Plot


Lieutenant Werner is a war correspondent on the German submarine U-96 in October 1941. He is driven by its captain and chief engineer to a raucous French bordello where he meets some of the crew. Thomsen, another captain, gives a crude drunken speech to celebrate his Ritterkreuz award, in which he mocks Adolf Hitler.

The next morning, U-96 sails out of the harbour of La Rochelle and Werner is given a tour of the boat. As time passes, he observes ideological differences between the new crew members and the hardened veterans, particularly the captain, who is embittered and cynical about the war. The new men, including Werner, are mocked by the rest of the crew, who share a tight bond. One Nazi officer, 1-WO (the 1st [watch] officer), is disliked by the others. After days of boredom, the crew is excited by another U-boat's spotting of an enemy convoy, but they are soon spotted by a British destroyer and bombarded with depth charges. They escape with only light damage.

The next three weeks are spent enduring a relentless North Atlantic gale. Morale drops after a series of misfortunes, but the crew is cheered temporarily by a chance encounter with Thomsen's boat. Shortly after the storm ends, the boat encounters a British convoy and quickly launches three torpedoes, sinking two ships. They are spotted by a destroyer and have to dive below test depth, the submarine's rated limit. During the ensuing depth-charge attack, the chief machinist, Johann, panics and has to be restrained. The boat sustains heavy damage, but is eventually able to safely surface when night falls. A British tanker they torpedoed is still afloat and on fire, so they torpedo it again, only to learn there are still sailors aboard. The crew watch in horror as the sailors leap overboard and swim towards them. Unable to accommodate prisoners, the captain orders the boat away.

The worn-out U-boat crew looks forward to returning home to La Rochelle in time for Christmas, but the ship is ordered to La Spezia, Italy, which means passing through the Strait of Gibraltar—an area heavily defended by the Royal Navy. The U-boat makes a secret night rendezvous at the harbour of Vigo, in neutral although Axis-friendly Spain, with the SS Weser, an interned German merchant ship that clandestinely provides U-boats with fuel, torpedoes, and other supplies. The filthy officers seem out of place at the opulent dinner prepared for them, but are warmly greeted by enthusiastic officers eager to hear their exploits. The captain learns from an envoy of the German consulate that his request for Werner and the Chief Engineer to be sent back to Germany has been denied.

The crew finishes resupplying and departs for Italy. As they carefully approach the Strait of Gibraltar and are just about to dive, they are suddenly attacked and heavily damaged by a British fighter plane, wounding the navigator, Kriechbaum. The captain orders the boat directly south towards the North African coast at full speed, determined to save his crew even if he loses the boat. British warships begin shelling and they are forced to dive. When attempting to level off, the boat does not respond and continues to sink until, just before being crushed by the pressure, it lands on a sea shelf, at the depth of 280 metres. The crew works desperately to make numerous repairs before running out of oxygen. After over 16 hours, they are able to surface by blowing their ballast tanks, and limp back towards La Rochelle under cover of darkness.

The crew is exhausted when they finally reach La Rochelle on Christmas Eve. Shortly after Kriechbaum is taken ashore to a waiting ambulance, Allied planes bomb and strafe the facilities, wounding or killing many of the crew. Ullmann, Johann, the 2nd Watch Officer, and the Bibelforscher are killed. Frenssen, Bootsmann Lamprecht, and Hinrich are wounded. After the raid, Werner leaves the U-boat bunker in which he had taken shelter and finds the captain, badly injured by shrapnel, watching his U-boat sink in the dock. Just after the boat disappears under the water, the captain collapses and dies. Werner rushes to his body, and surveys the grim scene with tears in his eyes.


Cast


The U-96 officers. From left to right: the II. WO (Semmelrogge), the Commander (Prochnow), Navigator Kriechbaum (Tauber), the I. WO (Bengsch), Lt. Werner (Grönemeyer), Little Benjamin (Hoffmann), Cadet Ullmann (May), and Pilgrim (Fedder).
The U-96 officers. From left to right: the II. WO (Semmelrogge), the Commander (Prochnow), Navigator Kriechbaum (Tauber), the I. WO (Bengsch), Lt. Werner (Grönemeyer), "Little" Benjamin (Hoffmann), Cadet Ullmann (May), and Pilgrim (Fedder).
Johann (Leder) and the LI (Wennemann) inspecting the engine.
Johann (Leder) and the LI (Wennemann) inspecting the engine.

Production


In late 1941, war correspondent Lothar-Günther Buchheim joined U-96 for her 7th patrol, during the Battle of the Atlantic.[6][7] His orders were to photograph and describe the U-boat in action. In 1973, Buchheim published a novel based on his wartime experiences, Das Boot (The Boat), a fictionalised autobiographical account narrated by a "Leutnant Werner". It became the best-selling German fiction work on the war.[8] The followup sequel Die Festung by Buchheim was released in 1995.[9]

Production for this film originally began in 1976. Several American directors were considered, and the Kaleun (Kapitänleutnant) was to be played by Robert Redford. Disagreements sprang up among various parties and the project was shelved. Another Hollywood production was attempted with other American directors in mind, this time with the Kaleun to be portrayed by Paul Newman. This effort primarily failed due to technical concerns, for example, how to film the close encounter of the two German submarines at sea during a storm.[citation needed]

Production of Das Boot took two years (1979–1981) and was the most expensive German film at the time.[10] Most of the filming was done in one year; to make the appearance of the actors as realistic as possible, scenes were filmed in sequence over the course of the year. This ensured natural growth of beards and hair, increasing skin pallor, and signs of strain on the actors, who had, just like real U-boat men, spent many months in a cramped, unhealthy atmosphere.

The production included the construction of several models of different sizes, as well as a complete, detailed reconstruction of the interior of the U-96, a Type VIIC-class U-boat.

Hans-Joachim Krug, former first officer on U-219, served as a consultant, as did Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock, the captain of the real U-96.

The film features both Standard German-speakers and dialect speakers. Petersen states in the DVD audio commentary that young men from throughout Germany and Austria were recruited for the film, as he wanted faces and dialects that would accurately reflect the diversity of the Third Reich around 1941. All of the main actors are bilingual in German and English, and when the film was dubbed into English, each actor recorded his own part (with the exception of Martin Semmelrogge, who only dubbed his own role in the Director's Cut). The German version is dubbed as well, as the film was shot "silent", because the dialogue spoken on-set would have been drowned out by the gyroscopes in the special camera developed for filming. Unusually, the film's German version actually grossed much higher than the English-dubbed version at the United States box office.[11][12]


Sets and models


U-boat pens at the harbor of La Rochelle (2007).mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}46°9′32″N 1°12′33″W
U-boat pens at the harbor of La Rochelle (2007)
46°9′32″N 1°12′33″W
U-995, a U-boat of the version VII-C/41, at its exhibition in Laboe in 2004
U-995, a U-boat of the version VII-C/41, at its exhibition in Laboe in 2004

Several different sets were used. Two full-size mock-ups of a Type VIIC boat were built, one representing the portion above water for use in outdoor scenes, and the other a cylindrical tube on a motion mount (hydraulic gimbal) for the interior scenes. The mock-ups were built according to U-boat plans from Chicago's Museum of Science and Industry.

The outdoor mock-up was basically a shell propelled with a small engine, and stationed in La Rochelle, France, and has a history of its own. One morning the production crew walked out to where they kept it afloat and found it missing. Someone had forgotten to inform the crew that an American filmmaker had rented the mock-up for his own film shooting in the area. This filmmaker was Steven Spielberg and the film he was shooting was Raiders of the Lost Ark.[13] A few weeks later, during production, the mock-up cracked in a storm and sank, was recovered and patched to stand in for the final scenes. The full-sized mock-up was used during the Gibraltar surface scenes; the attacking aircraft (played by a North American T-6 Texan / Harvard) and rockets were real while the British ships were models.[citation needed]

A mock-up of a conning tower was placed in a water tank at the Bavaria Studios in Munich for outdoor scenes not requiring a full view of the boat's exterior. When filming on the outdoor mockup or the conning tower, jets of cold water were hosed over the actors to simulate the breaking ocean waves. A half-sized full hull operating model was used for underwater shots and some surface running shots, in particular the meeting in stormy seas with another U-boat. The tank was also used for the shots of British sailors jumping from their ship; a small portion of the tanker hull was constructed for these shots.

During the filming there was a scene where actor Jan Fedder (Pilgrim) fell off the bridge while the U-boat was surfaced. During the played rescue, Bernd Tauber (Chief Helmsmann Kriechbaum) really broke two ribs.[14] This event is often purported as Jan Fedder breaking the ribs.[15]

The interior U-boat mock-up was mounted five metres off the floor and was shaken, rocked, and tilted up to 45 degrees by means of a hydraulic apparatus, and was vigorously shaken to simulate depth charge attacks. Petersen was admittedly obsessive about the structural detail of the U-boat set, remarking that "every screw" in the set was an authentic facsimile of the kind used in a World War II U-boat. In this he was considerably assisted by the numerous photographs Lothar-Günther Buchheim had taken during his own voyage on the historical U-96, some of which had been published in his 1976 book, U-Boot-Krieg ("U-Boat War").

Throughout the filming, the actors were forbidden to go out in sunlight, to create the pallor of men who seldom saw the sun during their missions. The actors went through intensive training to learn how to move quickly through the narrow confines of the vessel.


Special camera


Most of the interior shots were filmed using a hand-held Arriflex of cinematographer Jost Vacano's design to convey the claustrophobic atmosphere of the boat. It had two gyroscopes to provide stability, a different and smaller scale solution than the Steadicam, so that it could be carried throughout the interior of the mock-up.[16]


Historical accuracy


Scale model of U-96
Scale model of U-96

Wolfgang Petersen created the film based on Buchheim's novel of the same name with several alterations to the plot and characters.

As a Leutnant zur See in the autumn of 1941, Buchheim joined Kapitänleutnant Heinrich Lehmann-Willenbrock and the crew of U-96 on her seventh patrol in the Battle of the Atlantic.[6][7] On 27 October 1941, U-96 left for her seventh patrol and joined group Stoßtrupp three days later. The next day, 31 October, the group made contact with convoy OS 10. U-96 launched four torpedoes at a long range, one of which struck the Dutch SS Bennekom. The ship went down half an hour after being hit, taking nine of her crew of 56 with her.[17] Following the attack, the sloop HMS Lulworth arrived on the scene and forced U-96 under water with gun fire. The U-boat escaped the barrage of 27 depth charges unscathed.[18] The next day, U-96 encountered two more of the escorts, HMS Gorleston and HMS Verbena, but managed to escape again.

The U-boat spent November patrolling the North Atlantic as part of groups Störtebecker and Benecke, until secretly entering the neutral port of Vigo, Spain, and being resupplied by the interned German MV Bessel on 27 November.[19] After leaving Vigo, U-96 made for the Straits of Gibraltar, with orders to enter the Mediterranean. However, late on 30 November the U-boat was spotted by a Fairey Swordfish of 812 Naval Air Squadron and heavily damaged by two bombs dropped by the aircraft. Unable to reach her destination, U-96 made for the port of Saint Nazaire. On the way she encountered the Spanish SS Cabo De Hornos, which returned from South America, after delivering a group of Jewish refugees to the Dutch colony of Curaçao, when Brazil denied them entry.[20] When U-96's torpedo missed, the ship was stopped and her papers checked.[21][failed verification] On 6 December 1941, after 41 days at sea, U-96 returned to Saint Nazaire, having sunk one ship of 5,998 GRT.[22]

In the film, there is only one ardent Nazi in the crew of 40, namely the First Watch Officer (referred to comically in one scene as Unser Hitlerjugendführer or "Our Hitler Youth Leader"). The rest of the officers are either indifferent or openly anti-Nazi (the Captain). The enlisted sailors and NCO are portrayed as apolitical. In his book Iron Coffins, former U-boat commander Herbert A. Werner states that the selection of naval personnel based on their loyalty to the party only occurred later in the war (from 1943 onward) when the U-boats were suffering high casualties and when morale was declining[citation needed]. Such a degree of skepticism may or may not have occurred. In support of Das Boot on this subject, U-boat historian Michael Gannon maintains that the U-boat navy was one of the least pro-Nazi branches of the German armed forces.[citation needed]

Both the novel and the film had a much darker ending than in reality, where the U-boat returns to port only to be destroyed during an air raid with many of her crew killed or wounded. In reality, U-96 survived almost to the end of the war, the majority of her senior officers surviving as well. Similarly to its on-screen fate, it was sunk by Allied bombers at its berth in Wilhelmshaven in March 1945.[citation needed]

Even though the beginning and the end of the film occur in the port of La Rochelle, it does not correspond historically. The submarine base in La Rochelle was not functional before November 1941, and at the time of the film the port was dried up.[23] While Saint-Nazaire was the base used in the novel and where U-96 was based at in late 1941, the film was changed to La Rochelle because its appearance had not changed to such a large degree in the years since World War II. Moreover, none of the British fighter-bombers of late 1941 to early 1942 had the range to bomb La Rochelle from bases in Great Britain.


Release


The film opened 17 September 1981 and received the widest release ever in West Germany, opening in 220 theatres and grossing a record $5,176,000 in the first two weeks.[10]

The film opened in the United States on 10 February 1982.


Different versions and home media


Director Wolfgang Petersen has overseen the creation of several different versions of his film. The first to be released was the 149-minute theatrical cut.

The film was partially financed by German television broadcasters WDR and the SDR, and more footage was filmed than was shown in the theatrical version.[citation needed] A version of six 50-minute episodes was transmitted on BBC2 in the United Kingdom in October 1984 and again during the 1999 Christmas season. In February 1985 a version of three 100-minute episodes was broadcast in Germany.[24][25]

Peterson then edited a 209-minute version, Das Boot: The Director's Cut, combining the action sequences from the feature-length version with the character development scenes from the miniseries released to cinemas worldwide in 1997, also improving audio quality.[26] In 1998 it was released on DVD as a single-disc edition including an audio commentary by Petersen, lead actor Jürgen Prochnow and director's cut producer Ortwin Freyermuth; a 6-minute making-of featurette; and in most territories, the theatrical trailer. In 2003 it was also released as a "Superbit" edition with no extra features, but a with a higher bit-rate and the film spread across two discs.

From 2010 onwards, the 208-minute "Director's Cut", along with various new extras, was released internationally on Blu-ray.[27][28] The American 2-disc Collector's Set also uniquely included the original 149-minute theatrical cut, which is otherwise unreleased on DVD or Blu-ray.

In 2014 the original miniseries, also known as "The Original Uncut Version", was released on Blu-ray in Germany with optional English audio and subtitles.[citation needed]

In November 2018, "Das Boot Complete Edition" was released as a collection of 5 Blu-ray discs and 3 CDs. It contains more than 30 hours of material: the Director's Cut (208 min.), the Original Cinema version (149 min.), the complete TV Series in 6 parts ("The Original Uncut Version", 308 min.), Bonus Material (202 min. + various trailers), the Original Soundtrack by Klaus Doldinger (38:21 min.) and an Audio Book of the novel read by Dietmar Bär in German (910 min.).[29]

For the "Director's Cut", the Original Cinema version and "The Original Uncut Version" TV Series, new English language soundtracks were recorded featuring most of the original cast, who were bilingual. These soundtracks are included on various DVD and Blu-ray releases as an alternative language to the original German.


Reception



Critical response


The film received highly positive reviews upon its release. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars.[30] Prior to the 55th Academy Awards on 11 April 1983 the movie received six nominations.[31] Cinematography for Jost Vacano, Directing for Wolfgang Petersen, Film Editing for Hannes Nikel, Sound for Milan Bor, Trevor Pyke, Mike Le-Mare, Sound Effects Editing for Mike Le-Mare, Writing (Screenplay based on material from another medium) for Wolfgang Petersen.

"Das Boot" isn't just a German film about World War II; it's a German naval adventure epic that has already been a hit in West Germany.

— Janet Maslin, The New York Times, 10 February 1982[32]

Today, the film is seen as one of the greatest German films. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an approval rating of 98% based on 55 reviews, with an average rating of 9.10/10. The critical consensus states "Taut, breathtakingly thrilling, and devastatingly intelligent, Das Boot is one of the greatest war films ever made."[33] The film also has a score of 86 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 15 critics indicating "universal acclaim".[34] For its unsurpassed authenticity in tension and realism, it is regarded internationally as pre-eminent among all submarine films. The film was ranked #25 in Empire magazine's "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema" in 2010.[35]

In late 2007, there was an exhibition about the film Das Boot, as well as about the real U-boat U-96, at the Haus der Geschichte (House of German History) in Bonn. Over 100,000 people visited the exhibition during its four-month run.

Buchheim's views of the film

Though impressed by the technological accuracy of the film's set-design and port construction buildings, novelist Lothar-Günther Buchheim expressed great disappointment with Petersen's adaptation in a film review[36] published in 1981, describing Petersen's film as converting his clearly anti-war novel into a blend of a "cheap, shallow American action flick" and a "contemporary German propaganda newsreel from World War II".[8][36]


Accolades


To this day, Das Boot holds the record for the most Academy Award nominations for a German film.

Award Category Recipients Result
Academy Awards[37] Best Director Wolfgang Petersen Nominated
Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another Medium Nominated
Best Cinematography Jost Vacano Nominated
Best Film Editing Hannes Nikel Nominated
Best Sound Milan Bor, Trevor Pyke and Mike Le Mare Nominated
Best Sound Effects Editing Mike Le Mare Nominated
Bavarian Film Awards Best Director Wolfgang Petersen Won
Best Cinematography Jost Vacano Won
British Academy Film Awards[38] Best Film Not in the English Language Wolfgang Petersen Nominated
Directors Guild of America Awards[39] Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures Nominated
Golden Camera Awards Jubilee Won
Directing (25th Anniversary Camera) Wolfgang Petersen Won
Cinematography (25th Anniversary Camera) Jost Vacano Won
Music (25th Anniversary Camera) Klaus Doldinger Won
German Film Awards[40] Best Feature-Length Feature Film (Silver Award) Bavaria Film Won
Best Sound/Mixing Milan Bor (representing the entire sound team) Won
Golden Globe Awards[41] Best Foreign Film Nominated
Golden Reel Awards Best Sound Editing – Foreign Feature – Sound Effects Won
Golden Screen Awards Won
Japan Academy Film Prize Outstanding Foreign Language Film Nominated
Mainichi Film Awards Best Young Actor Heinz Hoenig Won
National Board of Review Awards[42] Top Foreign Films 2nd Place
Satellite Awards[43] Best DVD Extras Das Boot: Two Disc Collector's Set Nominated
Society of Camera Operators Awards[44] Historical Shot Jost Vacano Won

Soundtrack


The characteristic lead melody of the soundtrack, composed and produced by Klaus Doldinger, took on a life of its own after German rave group U96 created a remixed "techno version" in 1991. The title theme "Das Boot"[45] later became an international hit.

The official soundtrack[46] features only compositions by Doldinger, except for "J'attendrai" sung by Rina Ketty. The soundtrack ("Filmmusik") released following the release of The Director's Cut version omits "J'attendrai".

Songs heard in the film, but not included on the album are "La Paloma" sung by Rosita Serrano, the "Erzherzog-Albrecht-Marsch" (a popular military march), "It's a Long Way to Tipperary" performed by the Red Army Chorus, "Heimat, Deine Sterne" and the "Westerwald-Marsch".


Sequel


A sequel of the same name, in the form of a television series, was released in 2018, with different actors. It was set nine months after the end of the original film, and is split into two narratives, one based on land, the other set around another U-boat and its crew. Like the original film, the series is based on Lothar-Günther Buchheim's 1973 book Das Boot, but with additions from Buchheim's 1995 follow-up sequel Die Festung.[47][48]


See also



References


  1. Box Office Information for Das Boot. Archived 31 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine The Numbers. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
  2. McCaulay, Philip Martin (2010). World War II Movies. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-0-557-30299-4.
  3. McCarthy, Todd (31 March 1997). "Das Boot: The Director's Cut". Variety. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  4. See comment by Wolfgang Petersen in 'Extra Features'; 'The Making Of/Behind The Scenes, Das Boot: The Director's Cut (1997). DVD.
  5. "Themen un Personen: Uwe Ochsenknecht" [Topics and People: Uwe Ochsenknecht]. RTL.de (in German). Retrieved 9 April 2021. Seinen Durchbruch schaffte Uwe Ochsenknecht mit Wolfgang Petersens Film 'Das Boot' (1981), in dem er den Bootsmann Lamprecht spielte. [Uwe Ochsenknecht made his breakthrough with Wolfgang Petersen's film 'Das Boot' (1981), in which he played the bosun Lamprecht.]
  6. Daniel Uziel (2008). The Propaganda Warriors: The Wehrmacht and the Consolidation of the German Home Front. Bern / Oxford: Lang. p. 402. ISBN 978-3-03911-532-7.
  7. Dan van der Vat (5 March 2007). "Obituary: Lothar-Günther Buchheim". The Guardian.
  8. Jörg Luyken (6 February 2018). "LG Buchheim: the multi-talented and irascible genius behind Das Boot". The Local. Germany.
  9. Wapnewski, Peter (26 May 1995). "Der Krieg aus dem Nähkästchen" [The War From the Sewing Box] (in German) – via Die Zeit.
  10. "'Boat' Rides B.O. Winds". Variety. 14 October 1981. p. 6.
  11. "EDITORIAL: Life Isn't Beautiful Anymore, it's Dubbed". 23 August 1999.
  12. Pristin, Terry (19 February 1996). "Will Dubbing Fly in the U.S.? Read My Lips". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 5 August 2018. Retrieved 5 August 2018.
  13. Marcus Hearn (2005). The Cinema of George Lucas. New York: Harry N. Abrams Inc, Publishers. pp. 127–134. ISBN 0-8109-4968-7.
  14. "Wiedersehen unter Veteranen". Focus (in German). 3 September 2013. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  15. ""Das Boot" on imdb.com". IMDb.
  16. Jost Vacano (7 February 2011). SOC 2011 Historical Shot: Das Boot by Jost Vacano. ARRI. Retrieved 15 February 2016 – via Vimeo.
  17. "Bennekom (Dutch Steam merchant) – Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII". uboat.net. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  18. "Patrol of German U-boat U-96 from 27 Oct 1941 to 6 Dec 1941". uboat.net. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  19. "U-Boats in Spain".
  20. Lesser, Jeffrey (1995). Welcoming the Undesirables. Brazil and the Jewish Question. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 140–142.
  21. "Duikboot: Suchergebnis" [Submarine: Search Results]. Historisches Marinearchiv – Duikboot (in German). Archived from the original on 18 February 2017. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  22. "Patrol of German U-boat U-96 from 27 Oct 1941 to 6 Dec 1941". uboat.net. Retrieved 13 August 2016.
  23. "History of the submarine base of La Rochelle". Archived from the original on 26 March 2007.
  24. Kramer, Peter (8 October 2017). "Das Boot – Probably the Biggest German Blockbuster of All Time". Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  25. Friedrich, Alexander (17 January 2018). "Der Produzent verrät Details: So soll die Sky-Serie Das Boot an den U-Boot-Filmklassiker herankommen" [The producer reveals details: This is how the Sky series Das Boot should approach the classic submarine film] (in German). Retrieved 8 October 2020.
  26. Official Das Boot website audio restoration information http://www.dasboot.com/classics.htm
  27. Murray, Noel (6 July 2011). "Das Boot: The Director's Cut".
  28. "Das Boot (Directors Cut) Blu-ray". Archived from the original on 20 July 2010. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
  29. "Das Boot Complete Edition". Amazon Germany.
  30. Ebert, Roger (1981). "Das Boot". Chicago Sun-Times. Sun-Times Media Group.
  31. "The 55th Academy Awards – 1983".
  32. "Movie Reviews". The New York Times. May 2020.
  33. "Das Boot". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 5 May 2022.
  34. "Das Boot". Metacritic. Retrieved 15 February 2016.
  35. "The 100 Best Films Of World Cinema – 25. Das Boot". Empire.
  36. Buchheim, Lothar-Günter (1981). "Kommentar – Die Wahrheit blieb auf Tauchstation" [Commentary: The truth remained hidden under the sea]. GEO (in German). No. 10.
  37. "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". oscars.org. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
  38. "BAFTA Awards: Film in 1983". BAFTA. 1983. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
  39. "35th DGA Awards". Directors Guild of America Awards. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  40. "History – German Film Award". German Film Award. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  41. "Das Boot – Golden Globes". HFPA. Retrieved 3 June 2021.
  42. "1982 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Retrieved 13 August 2021.
  43. "2011 Satellite Awards". Satellite Awards. International Press Academy. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  44. "Past SOC Lifetime Achievement Awards". Satellite Awards. Society of Operating Cameramen. Retrieved 10 July 2021.
  45. Die Original Titelmelodie: Das Boot (Klaus Doldinger single) at Discogs (list of releases)
  46. Das Boot (Die original Filmmusik) (album) at Discogs (list of releases)
  47. Happ, Katharina (3 January 2020). "Das Boot – Alles zur neuen Serie" [Das Boot – Everything about the new series]. Hörzu (in German). Retrieved 11 March 2018.
  48. "Das Boot – Die Serie" [Das Boot – The Series]. kino.de (in German). Retrieved 8 October 2020.


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[de] Das Boot (Film)

Das Boot ist die Verfilmung des gleichnamigen Romans von Lothar-Günther Buchheim unter der Regie von Wolfgang Petersen aus dem Jahr 1981. Der Film spielt im Zweiten Weltkrieg im November und Dezember 1941 und schildert die Erlebnisse der Besatzung eines deutschen U-Boots auf Feindfahrt während des U-Boot-Kriegs der Atlantikschlacht.
- [en] Das Boot

[ru] Подводная лодка (фильм)

«Лодка» (нем. Das Boot) — западногерманский художественный фильм 1981 года, снятый режиссёром Вольфгангом Петерсеном по одноимённому роману 1973 года Лотара-Гюнтера Буххайма, повествующем о седьмом боевом походе немецкой подводной лодки U-96 во время Второй мировой войны.


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