fiction.wikisort.org - WriterLewis Gompertz (c. 1784[note 1] – 2 December 1861) was an English writer and inventor, and early animal rights and veganism advocate. He was a founding member, in June 1824, of the English Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals; later the RSPCA.[2] Gompertz was the younger brother of the mathematician and actuary Benjamin Gompertz and the poet Isaac Gompertz.[2]
English writer, inventor and animal rights activist
Lewis Gompertz |
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Born | c. 1784
Hampstead, London, England |
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Died | 2 December 1861 (1861-12-03) (aged 77)
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Occupation | Animal rights and veganism activist, inventor, writer |
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Notable work | Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes |
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Spouse(s) | Ann Hollaman
(m. ; died 1847 ) [1] |
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Family | |
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Biography
Gompertz was born into a large and wealthy family of London diamond merchants,[3] the fifth son of his father Solomon Barent Gompertz's (1729 – c. 1807) second marriage.[2] Being Jewish, Gompertz and his siblings were not allowed to attend university and instead received an informal education.[3]
Gompertz was a vegan and opposed to humans intentionally using animals for human interests in any way.[3] He refused to wear leather or silk and declined to ride in coaches due to the suffering of the horses.[4][5] He was the inventor of a multitude of inventions—including the expanding chuck—many of them designed to reduce animal suffering.[6] In 1821, Gompertz invented an improved velocipede, an early form of bicycle. His machine was powered by pulling on the steering handles, which drove a rack and pinion mechanism, which in turn rotated the front wheel.[7]
He was one of the founding members for the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to animals, attending its inaugural meeting in 1824.[3] He published his first book Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes, in the same year, which laid out his ethical views on animals;[8] the book was also critical of capitalism and the oppression of women and praised Owenism.[2] Gompertz acted as the SPCA's second Honorary Secretary, before resigning in 1833, after the governing committee objected to Gompertz's promotion of "Pythagorean doctrines", which held that the feelings of animals and humans were of equal value. The committee had created a resolution that limited membership in the SPCA to Christians. Since Gompertz was a Jew, he was forced to resign.[3]
Gompertz went on to found the Animals' Friend Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, which he ran until 1846, after which he resigned to care for Ann, his terminally ill wife. The society was welcoming to evangelicals and Quakers. His wife died in 1847[9] and he spent the remainder of his life writing and speaking about animal rights and welfare[2][10] and creating inventions.[3] In 1852, he published his second book on animals Fragments in Defence of Animals.[8]
He died from bronchitis at his home in Kennington, on 2 December 1861[11] and was buried in the graveyard of the local church.[2]
Selected publications
See also
- List of animal rights advocates
Notes
- Some sources give Gompertz's year of birth as 1783.
References
- "GOMPERTZ Lewis". Cemetery Scribes. Retrieved 24 May 2020.
- Wolf, Lucien; Marsden, Ben (2004). "Gompertz, Lewis (1783/4–1861), animal rights campaigner and inventor". In Marsden, Ben (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/10934. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link) (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) - Renier, Hannah (March 2012). "An Early Vegan: Lewis Gompertz". London Historians. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
- Preece, Rod (2009). Sins of the Flesh: A History of Ethical Vegetarian Thought. Vancouver, Canada: UBC Press. p. 263. ISBN 978-0-7748-5849-6.
- Preece, Rod. (2011). Animal Sensibility and Inclusive Justice in the Age of Bernard Shaw. UBC Press. p. 207. ISBN 978-0-7748-2109-4
- Gompertz, Lewis (1992). Singer, Peter (ed.). Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes. Fontwell: Centaur Press. ISBN 9780900001376.
- See:
- For the SPCA and the 1824 publication, see Nash, Roderick (1989). The Rights of Nature: A History of Environmental Ethics. University of Wisconsin Press, p. 223.
- Hyamson, Albert M. (1942). "The Jewish Obituaries in the "Gentleman's Magazine"". Miscellanies (Jewish Historical Society of England). 4: 44. ISSN 2047-234X. JSTOR 29777107.
- Baker, Lawrence W. (21 April 2015). Animal Rights and Welfare: A Documentary and Reference Guide: A Documentary and Reference Guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781610699433.
- "Lewis Gompertz, Deceased" (PDF). The London Gazette. 24 June 1862. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
Further reading
External links
Animal rights |
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Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases) |
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Overviews |
- Animal rights movement
- Animal rights by country or territory
- Anarchism and animal rights
- Animal rights and punk subculture
- Animal cruelty–Holocaust analogies
- Animal rights in Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism
- Christianity and animal rights
- History of animal rights
- List of international animal welfare conventions
- Moral status of animals in the ancient world
- Timeline of animal welfare and rights
- Universal Declaration on Animal Welfare
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Concepts |
- Abolitionism
- Ahimsa
- Animal cognition
- Animal consciousness
- Animal ethics
- Animal–industrial complex
- Animal law
- Animal protectionism
- Animal welfare
- Animal-free agriculture
- Anthrozoology
- Argument from marginal cases
- Cambridge Declaration on Consciousness
- Carnism
- Equal consideration of interests
- Ethics of eating meat
- Ethics of uncertain sentience
- Ethology
- Insects in ethics
- Meat paradox
- Nonviolence
- Open rescue
- Opposition to hunting
- Personism
- Replaceability argument
- Sentiocentrism
- Speciesism
- Veganism
- Vegaphobia
- Vegetarianism
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Issues | Animal agriculture |
- Animal product
- Battery cage
- Bile bear
- Chick culling
- Concentrated animal feeding operation
- Fish farming
- Fur farming
- Fur trade
- Insect farming
- Intensive animal farming
- Intensive pig farming
- Livestock
- Poultry farming
- Slaughterhouse
- Wildlife farming
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Animal testing |
- Animal testing on non-human primates
- Animal testing regulations
- Labcorp Drug Development
- Great ape research ban
- Green Scare
- Huntingdon Life Sciences
- Model organism
- Nafovanny
- Operation Backfire
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Animal welfare |
- Animal euthanasia
- Cruelty to animals
- Pain in animals
- Pain in amphibians
- Pain in cephalopods
- Pain in crustaceans
- Pain in fish
- Pain in invertebrates
- Pain and suffering in laboratory animals
- Welfare of farmed insects
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Fishing |
- Commercial fishing
- Fishing bait
- Recreational fishing
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Wild animals |
- Culling wildlife
- Hare coursing
- Hunting
- International primate trade
- Ivory trade
- Predation problem
- Wild animal suffering
- Wildlife management
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Other |
- Abandoned pets
- Animal sacrifice
- Animal trial
- Animals in sport
- Live food
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Cases |
- Brown Dog affair
- Cambridge University primates
- McLibel case
- Pit of despair
- SHAC
- Silver Spring monkeys
- University of California, Riverside 1985 laboratory raid
- Unnecessary Fuss
- War of the currents
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Advocates (academics, writers, activists) |
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Academics and writers | Contemporary |
- Carol J. Adams
- Aysha Akhtar
- Kristin Andrews
- Tom Beauchamp
- Marc Bekoff
- Steven Best
- Paola Cavalieri
- Stephen R. L. Clark
- Alasdair Cochrane
- J. M. Coetzee
- Alice Crary
- David DeGrazia
- Daniel Dombrowski
- Sue Donaldson
- Josephine Donovan
- Catia Faria
- Lawrence Finsen
- Gary L. Francione
- Robert Garner
- Valéry Giroux
- John Hadley
- Oscar Horta
- Dale Jamieson
- Kyle Johannsen
- Melanie Joy
- Hilda Kean
- Will Kymlicka
- Renan Larue
- Thomas Lepeltier
- Andrew Linzey
- Clair Linzey
- Dan Lyons
- David Nibert
- Martha Nussbaum
- Siobhan O'Sullivan
- Clare Palmer
- David Pearce
- Evelyn Pluhar
- Mark Rowlands
- Richard D. Ryder
- Steve F. Sapontzis
- Jeff Sebo
- Jérôme Segal
- Peter Singer
- Gary Steiner
- Cass Sunstein
- David Sztybel
- Michael Tye
- Tatjana Višak
- Paul Waldau
- Steven M. Wise
- Corey Lee Wrenn
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Historical | |
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Activists | Contemporary |
- Massinissa Akandouch
- James Aspey
- Greg Avery
- Matt Ball
- Martin Balluch
- Carole Baskin
- Barbi Twins
- Brigitte Bardot
- Bob Barker
- Gene Baur
- Yves Bonnardel
- Joey Carbstrong
- Jake Conroy
- Rod Coronado
- Karen Davis
- Karen Dawn
- Chris DeRose
- John Feldmann
- Bruce Friedrich
- Juliet Gellatley
- Tal Gilboa
- Antoine Goetschel
- Mark Gold
- Brigitte Gothière
- Wayne Hsiung
- Ronnie Lee
- Howard Lyman
- Evanna Lynch
- Bill Maher
- Keith Mann
- Jim Mason
- Dan Mathews
- Jo-Anne McArthur
- Luísa Mell
- Ingrid Newkirk
- Heather Nicholson
- Jack Norris
- David Olivier
- Alex Pacheco
- Craig Rosebraugh
- Nathan Runkle
- Jasmin Singer
- Kim Stallwood
- Marianne Thieme
- Darren Thurston
- Wendy Turner-Webster
- Jerry Vlasak
- Louise Wallis
- Gary Yourofsky
- That Vegan Teacher
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Historical | |
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Movement (groups, parties) |
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Groups | Contemporary |
- Animal Aid
- Animal Ethics
- Animal Justice Project
- Animal Legal Defense Fund
- Animal Liberation
- Animal Liberation Front
- Anonymous for the Voiceless
- Centre for Animals and Social Justice
- Chinese Animal Protection Network
- Cruelty Free International
- Direct Action Everywhere
- Equanimal
- Farm Animal Rights Movement
- Faunalytics
- Great Ape Project
- Hunt Saboteurs Association
- In Defense of Animals
- Korea Animal Rights Advocates
- L214
- Last Chance for Animals
- Mercy for Animals
- New England Anti-Vivisection Society
- Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics
- People for Animals
- People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals
- Sentience Politics
- Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
- United Poultry Concerns
- UPF-Centre for Animal Ethics
- Voice for Animals Humane Society
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Historical |
- Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society
- Humanitarian League (1891–1919)
- Oxford Group
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Parties |
- Animal Justice Party (Australia)
- Animal Politics EU (Europe)
- Animal Protection Party of Canada (Canada)
- Animal Welfare Party (UK)
- Animal Justice Party of Finland (Finland)
- Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (Spain)
- DierAnimal (Belgium)
- Human Environment Animal Protection (Germany)
- Italian Animalist Party (Italy)
- Party for Animal Welfare (Ireland)
- Party for the Animals (Netherlands)
- People Animals Nature (Portugal)
- V-Partei³ (Germany)
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Media (books, films, periodicals, albums) |
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Books |
- Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
- Animals' Rights (1892)
- Evolutional Ethics and Animal Psychology (1897)
- The Universal Kinship (1906)
- The New Ethics (1907)
- Animals, Men and Morals (1971)
- Animal Liberation (1975)
- The Case for Animal Rights (1983)
- Morals, Reason, and Animals (1987)
- Do Animals Have Rights? (1998)
- The Lives of Animals (1999)
- Striking at the Roots (2008)
- An American Trilogy (2009)
- An Introduction to Animals and Political Theory (2010)
- Animal Rights Without Liberation (2012)
- Political Animals and Animal Politics (2014)
- Animal (De)liberation (2016)
- Sentientist Politics (2018)
- Wild Animal Ethics (2020)
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Films | |
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Periodicals | Journals |
- Animal Sentience
- Between the Species
- Cahiers antispécistes
- Etica & Animali
- Journal of Animal Ethics
- Relations. Beyond Anthropocentrism
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Magazines |
- Arkangel
- Bite Back
- Muutoksen kevät
- No Compromise
- Satya
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Albums | |
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- Category ( 139 )
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Wild animal suffering |
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Concepts |
- Animal ethics
- Ecology of fear
- Predation problem
- Relationship between animal ethics and environmental ethics
- Speciesism
- Welfare biology
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Interventions |
- Contraception
- Rehabilitation
- Vaccination
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Media |
- Moral Inquiries on the Situation of Man and of Brutes (1824)
- The Universal Kinship (1906)
- Morals, Reason, and Animals (1987)
- Nature Red in Tooth and Claw (2008)
- "The Meat Eaters" (2010)
- Sentientist Politics (2019)
- Wild Animal Ethics (2020)
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Organizations |
- Animal Ethics
- Wild Animal Initiative
- Wildlife Disaster Network
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Writers | Contemporary |
- Elisa Aaltola
- Jacy Reese Anthis
- Yves Bonnardel
- J. Baird Callicott
- Richard Dawkins
- Sue Donaldson
- Catia Faria
- Oscar Horta
- Kyle Johannsen
- Jeff McMahan
- Will Kymlicka
- Thomas Lepeltier
- Ole Martin Moen
- Arne Næss
- Yew-Kwang Ng
- David Olivier
- William MacAskill
- Martha Nussbaum
- Clare Palmer
- David Pearce
- Holmes Rolston III
- Stephen R. L. Clark
- Steven Nadler
- Steve F. Sapontzis
- Jeff Sebo
- Peter Singer
- Peter Vallentyne
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Historical | |
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Authority control |
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General | |
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National libraries | |
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Other | |
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