fiction.wikisort.org - WriterRaghupati Sahay (28 August 1896 – 3 March 1982), also known by his pen name Firaq Gorakhpuri, was an Indian writer, critic, and, according to one commentator, one of the most noted contemporary Urdu poets from India.[1] He established himself among peers including Muhammad Iqbal, Yagana Changezi, Jigar Moradabadi and Josh Malihabadi.[2][3]
Firaq Gorakhpuri |
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Born | Raghupati Sahay[1] (1896-08-28)28 August 1896 Gorakhpur, North-Western Provinces, British India |
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Died | 3 March 1982(1982-03-03) (aged 85)[1] New Delhi, India |
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Pen name | Firaq Gorakhpuri فراق گورکھپوری |
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Occupation | Poet, writer, critic, scholar, lecturer, orator[1] |
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Language | Urdu, English, Hindi |
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Nationality | Indian |
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Education | M.A. in English literature[1] |
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Alma mater | Allahabad University |
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Genre | Poetry, Literary criticism |
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Notable works | Gul-e-Naghma |
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Notable awards | Padma Bhushan (1968) Jnanpith Award (1969) Sahitya Akademi Fellowship (1970) |
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Literature portal |
Early life and career
Raghupati Sahay was born in Banwarpar village of Gorakhpur district on 28 August 1896 in a well-to-do and educated family. He finished his basic education and then completed his Master's degree in Urdu, Persian and English literature.[1]
Firaq had shown early signs of excellence in Urdu poetry and had always shown attraction towards literature. His contemporaries included famous Urdu poets like Allama Iqbal, Faiz Ahmed Faiz, Kaifi Azmi and Sahir Ludhianvi. Yet he was able to make his mark in Urdu poetry at an early age.[1]
He was selected for the Provincial Civil Service (P.C.S.) and the Indian Civil Service (British India) (I.C.S.), but he resigned to follow Mahatma Gandhi's Non-cooperation movement, for which he went to jail for 18 months. Later, he joined Allahabad University as a lecturer in English literature. It was there that he wrote most of his Urdu poetry, including his magnum opus Gul-e-Naghma which earned him the highest literary award of India, the Jnanpith Award, and also the 1960 Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu. During his life, he was given the positions of Research Professor at the University Grants Commission and Producer Emeritus by All India Radio. After a long illness, he died on 3 March 1982, in New Delhi.[1]
Gorakhpuri was well-versed in all traditional metrical forms such as ghazal, nazm, rubaai and qat'aa. He wrote more than a dozen volumes of Urdu poetry, a half dozen of Urdu prose, several volumes on literary themes in Hindi, as well as four volumes of English prose on literary and cultural subjects.[citation needed]
His biography, Firaq Gorakhpuri: The Poet of Pain & Ecstasy, written by his nephew Ajai Mansingh was published by Roli Books in 2015.[4] The book included anecdotes from his life and translations of some of his work.[citation needed]
Selected works
- Gul-e-Naghma گلِ نغمہ [4]
- Gul-e-Ra'naa گلِ رعنا
- Mash'aal مشعال
- Rooh-e-Kaayenaat روحِ کائنات
- Roop رُوپ (Rubaayi رُباعی )
- Shabnamistaan شبنمِستان
- Sargam سرگم
- Bazm-e-Zindagi Rang-e-Shayri بزمِ زندگی رنگِ شاعری
Awards
- 1960 – Sahitya Akademi Award in Urdu
- 1968 – Padma Bhushan[5]
- 1968 – Soviet Land Nehru Award
- 1969 – Jnanpith Award (First Jnanpith Award for Urdu literature)[6][4]
- 1970 – Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
- 1981 – Ghalib Academy Award
Death and legacy
Firaq Gorakhpuri died on 3 March 1982 at age 85.[1] Firaq fought for secularism all his life and played a key role against the then government's effort to label Urdu as a language of the Muslims.[1]
References
External links
Padma Bhushan award recipients (1960–1969) |
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1960 | |
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1961 | |
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1962 |
- Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar
- Prem Chandra Dhanda
- Asaf Ali Asghar Fyzee
- Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
- Daulat Singh Kothari
- Mithan Jamshed Lam
- Sudhansu Sobhan Maitra
- Sisir Kumar Mitra
- Tarabai Modak
- Niaz Fatehpuri
- Jal Ratanji Patel
- Narayan Sitaram Phadke
- V. Raghavan
- Dukhan Ram
- T. S. Soundram
- Mahankali Seetharama Rao
- Moturi Satyanarayana
- Sitaram Seksaria
- Santosh Kumar Sen
- Tarlok Singh
- Raja Radhika Raman Sinha
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1963 | |
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1964 | |
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1965 |
- Joginder Singh Dhillon
- Bhalchandra Babaji Dikshit
- Narasinh Narayan Godbole
- Nawang Gombu
- Sonam Gyatso
- Kashmir Singh Katoch
- Akbar Ali Khan
- S. L. Kirloskar
- Mohan Singh Kohli
- Pratap Chandra Lal
- Mohammad Mujeeb
- Jayant Narlikar
- Ramaswamy Rajaram
- K. R. Ramanathan
- Satyajit Ray
- Triguna Sen
- Harbaksh Singh
- Vrindavan Lal Verma
- Manikya Lal Verma
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1966 |
- Babubhai Maneklal Chinai
- Puliyur Krishnaswamy Duraiswami
- Verghese Kurien
- Zubin Mehta
- K. P. Kesava Menon
- Mannathu Padmanabha Pillai
- K. Shankar Pillai
- Vikram Sarabhai
- Vinayak Sitaram Sarwate
- Homi Sethna
- Jodh Singh
- Haribhau Upadhyaya
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1967 | |
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1968 | |
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1969 | |
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# Posthumous conferral
- 1954–1959
- 1960–1969
- 1970–1979
- 1980–1989
- 1990–1999
- 2000–2009
- 2010–2019
- 2020–2029
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Sahitya Akademi Fellowship |
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1968–1980 |
- Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1968)
- D. R. Bendre, Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay, Sumitranandan Pant, C. Rajagopalachari (1969)
- Vaikom Muhammad Basheer, Firaq Gorakhpuri, Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar, Viswanatha Satyanarayana (1970)
- Kaka Kalelkar, Gopinath Kaviraj, Gurbaksh Singh, Kalindi Charan Panigrahi (1971)
- Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, Mangharam Udharam Malkani, Nilmoni Phukan, Vasudev Vishnu Mirashi, Sukumar Sen, V. R. Trivedi (1973)
- T. P. Meenakshisundaram (1975)
- Atmaram Ravaji Deshpande, Jainendra Kumar, Kuppali Venkatappa Puttappa 'Kuvempu', V. Raghavan, Mahadevi Varma (1979)
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1981–2000 |
- Umashankar Joshi, K. R. Srinivasa Iyengar, K. Shivaram Karanth (1985)
- Mulk Raj Anand, Vinayaka Krishna Gokak, Laxmanshastri Balaji Joshi, Amritlal Nagar, Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai, Annada Shankar Ray (1989)
- Nagarjun, Balamani Amma, Ashapurna Devi, Qurratulain Hyder, Vishnu Bhikaji Kolte, Kanhu Charan Mohanty, P. T. Narasimhachar, R. K. Narayan, Harbhajan Singh (1994)
- Jayakanthan, Vinda Karandikar, Vidya Niwas Mishra, Subhash Mukhopadhyay, Raja Rao, Sachidananda Routray, Krishna Sobti (1996)
- Syed Abdul Malik, K. S. Narasimhaswamy, Gunturu Seshendra Sarma, Rajendra Shah, Ram Vilas Sharma, N. Khelchandra Singh (1999)
- Ramchandra Narayan Dandekar, Rehman Rahi (2000)
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2001–present |
- Ram Nath Shastri (2001)
- Kaifi Azmi, Govind Chandra Pande, Nilamani Phookan, Bhisham Sahni (2002)
- Kovilan, U. R. Ananthamurthy, Vijaydan Detha, Bhadriraju Krishnamurti, Amrita Pritam, Shankha Ghosh, Nirmal Verma (2004)
- Manoj Das, Vishnu Prabhakar (2006)
- Anita Desai, Kartar Singh Duggal, Ravindra Kelekar (2007)
- Gopi Chand Narang, Ramakanta Rath (2009)
- Chandranath Mishra Amar, Kunwar Narayan, Bholabhai Patel, Kedarnath Singh, Khushwant Singh (2010)
- Raghuveer Chaudhari, Arjan Hasid, Sitakant Mahapatra, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, Asit Rai, Satya Vrat Shastri (2013)
- Santeshivara Lingannaiah Bhyrappa, C. Narayana Reddy (2014)
- Nirendranath Chakravarty, Gurdial Singh (2016)
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Honorary Fellows | |
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Premchand Fellowship | |
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Ananda Coomaraswamy Fellowship |
- Senake Bandaranayake, Chie Nakane, Azad N. Shamatov (1996)
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Jnanpith Award recipients |
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1965–1985 | |
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1986–2000 | |
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2001–present | |
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Authority control |
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General | |
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National libraries | |
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Scientific databases | |
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Other | |
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