fiction.wikisort.org - Actor

Philip St. John Basil Rathbone MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967) was an English actor. He rose to prominence in the United Kingdom as a Shakespearean stage actor and went on to appear in more than 70 films, primarily costume dramas, swashbucklers, and, occasionally, horror films.

Basil Rathbone
Basil Rathbone (1935)
Born	Philip St. John Basil Rathbone (1892-06-13)13 June 1892 Johannesburg, South African Republic
Died	21 July 1967(1967-07-21) (aged 75) New York City, U.S.
Resting place	Ferncliff Cemetery Shrine of Memories, Hartsdale, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1911–1967
Spouse(s)	Ethel Marian Foreman (1914–1926; divorced) Ouida Bergère (1926–1967; his death)
Children	3
Relatives	Sir Frank Benson (cousin)

Rathbone frequently portrayed suave villains or morally ambiguous characters, such as Mr. Murdstone in David Copperfield (1935), Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and Sir Guy of Gisbourne in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938). His most famous role was that of Sherlock Holmes in fourteen Hollywood films made between 1939 and 1946 and in a radio series. His later career included roles on Broadway, as well as self-ironic film and television work. He received a Tony Award in 1948 as Best Actor in a Play. He was also nominated for two Academy Awards and was honoured with three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Early life

Rathbone was born in Johannesburg, South African Republic,[1] to British parents. His mother, Anna Barbara (née George), was a violinist, and his father, Edgar Philip Rathbone, was a mining engineer and scion of the Liverpool Rathbone family. He had two older half-brothers, Harold and Horace, as well as two younger siblings, Beatrice and John. Basil was the great-grandson of the noted Victorian philanthropist, William Rathbone V, and thus a descendant of William Rathbone II.

The Rathbones fled to Britain when Basil was three years old after his father was accused by the Boers of being a spy following the Jameson Raid. Rathbone attended Repton School in Derbyshire from 1906 to 1910, where he excelled at sports and was given the nickname "Ratters" by schoolmates. Thereafter, he was briefly employed as an insurance clerk by the Liverpool and Globe Insurance Companies,[2] to appease his father's wish for him to have a conventional career.[3]

On 22 April 1911, Rathbone made his first appearance on stage at the Theatre Royal, Ipswich, Suffolk, as Hortensio in The Taming of the Shrew, with his cousin Sir Frank Benson's No. 2 Company, under the direction of Henry Herbert. In October 1912, he went to the United States with Benson's company, playing roles such as Paris in Romeo and Juliet, Fenton in The Merry Wives of Windsor, and Silvius in As You Like It. Returning to Britain, he made his first appearance in London at the Savoy Theatre on 9 July 1914, as Finch in The Sin of David. That December, he appeared at the Shaftesbury Theatre as the Dauphin in Henry V. During 1915, he toured with Benson and appeared with him at London's Court Theatre in December as Lysander in A Midsummer Night's Dream.

Military service

During the First World War, Rathbone was called up in 1915 via the Derby Scheme into the British Army as a private with the London Scottish Regiment, joining a regiment that also included his future professional acting contemporaries Claude Rains, Herbert Marshall and Ronald Colman at different points through the conflict. After basic training with the London Scots in early 1916 he received a commission as a lieutenant in the 2/10th Battalion of the King's Liverpool Regiment (Liverpool Scottish), where he served as an intelligence officer and attained the rank of captain. Rathbone was twice the British Army Fencing Champ, a skill that served him well in movies and allowed him to even teach actors Errol Flynn and Tyrone Power swordsmanship. Rathbone's younger brother John was killed in action on 4 June 1918.[4] In 2012 two letters Rathbone wrote to his family while serving on the Western Front were published. One reveals the anguish and anger he felt following the death of his brother, John:

I want to tell him to mind his place. I think of his ridiculous belief that everything would always be well, his ever-hopeful smile, and I want to cuff him for a little fool. He had no business to let it happen and it maddens me that I shall never be able to tell him so, or change it or bring him back. I can’t think of him without being consumed with anger at him for being dead and beyond anything I can do to him.

— 26 July 1918[5]

Following his brother's death, Rathbone appears to have become unconcerned about the dangers of serving at the front. Author Richard Van Emden in Famous 1914–18 speculates that his extreme bravery may have been a form of guilt or need for vengeance.[6] He persuaded his superiors to allow him to scout enemy positions during daylight rather than at night, as was the usual practice to minimise the chance of detection.[7] Rathbone wore a special camouflage suit that resembled a tree with a wreath of freshly plucked foliage on his head with burnt cork applied to his hands and face.[8] As a result of these highly dangerous daylight reconnaissance missions in September 1918, he was awarded the Military Cross for "conspicuous daring and resource on patrol".[9]

Career

During the Summer Festival of 1919, he appeared at Stratford-upon-Avon with the New Shakespeare Company playing Romeo, Cassius, Ferdinand in The Tempest and Florizel in The Winter's Tale; in October he was at London's Queen's Theatre as the aide de camp in Napoleon, and in February 1920 he was at the Savoy Theatre in the title role in Peter Ibbetson with huge success.

During the 1920s, Rathbone appeared regularly in Shakespearean and other roles on the British stage. He began to travel and appeared at the Cort Theatre, New York, in October 1923 in a production of Molnár's play The Swan opposite Eva Le Gallienne, which made him a star on Broadway. He toured in the United States in 1925, appearing in San Francisco in May and the Lyceum Theatre, New York, in October. He was in the US again in 1927 and 1930 and again in 1931, when he appeared on stage with Ethel Barrymore. He continued his stage career in Britain, returning late in 1934 to the US, where he appeared with Katharine Cornell in several plays.

Rathbone was once arrested in 1926 along with every other member of the cast of The Captive, a play in which his character's wife left him for another woman. Though the charges were eventually dropped, Rathbone was very angry about the censorship because he believed that homosexuality needed to be brought into the open.[10][11]

He commenced his film career in Hollywood in 1921 in silent movies and appeared in 1923's "School for Scandal", and in The Masked Bride, plus a few other silents. He portrayed detective Philo Vance in the 1930 film The Bishop Murder Case, based on the best selling novel. In the film there is a coincidental reference to Sherlock Holmes. Like George Sanders and Vincent Price after him, Rathbone made a name for himself in the 1930s by playing suave villains in costume dramas and swashbucklers, including David Copperfield (1935) as the abusive stepfather Mr. Murdstone; Anna Karenina (1935) as her distant husband, Karenin; The Last Days of Pompeii (1935) as Pontius Pilate; Captain Blood (1935); A Tale of Two Cities (1935), as the Marquis St. Evremonde; The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) playing his best-remembered villain, Sir Guy of Gisbourne; The Adventures of Marco Polo (1938); and The Mark of Zorro (1940) as Captain Esteban Pasquale. He also appeared in several early horror films: Tower of London (1939), as Richard III, and Son of Frankenstein (1939), portraying the dedicated surgeon Baron Wolf von Frankenstein, son of the monster's creator, and, in 1949, was also the narrator for the segment "The Wind in the Willows" in the Disney animated feature, The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad.

He was admired for his athletic swordsmanship (he listed fencing among his favourite recreations). He fought and lost to Errol Flynn in a duel on the beach in Captain Blood and in an elaborate fight sequence in The Adventures of Robin Hood. He was also involved in noteworthy sword fights in Tower of London, The Mark of Zorro, and The Court Jester (1956). Despite his real life skill, Rathbone only twice played characters who won on screen, against John Barrymore in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and short, rotund, middle-aged Eugene Pallette in The Mark of Zorro (1940). Rathbone earned Academy Award nominations for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his performances as Tybalt in Romeo and Juliet (1936) and as King Louis XI in If I Were King (1938), a truly remarkable, comedic performance as the wily king. In The Dawn Patrol (1938), he played one of his few heroic roles in the 1930s, as a Royal Flying Corps (RFC) squadron commander brought to the brink of a nervous breakdown by the strain and guilt of sending his battle-weary pilots off to near-certain death in the skies of 1915 France. Errol Flynn, Rathbone's perennial foe, starred in the film as his successor when Rathbone's character was promoted.

According to Hollywood legend, Rathbone was Margaret Mitchell's first choice to play Rhett Butler in the film version of her novel Gone with the Wind.^{[citation needed]} Rathbone actively campaigned for the role.^{[citation needed]}

Despite his film success, Rathbone always insisted that he wished to be remembered for his stage career. He said that his favourite role was Romeo.^{[citation needed]}

The Sherlock Holmes films

Rathbone is most widely recognised for his many portrayals of Sherlock Holmes. In a radio interview, Rathbone recalled that Twentieth Century-Fox producer and director Gene Markey, lunching with producer-director-actor Gregory Ratoff and 20th Century-Fox mogul Daryl Zanuck at Lucey's Restaurant in Hollywood, proposed a film version of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Hound of the Baskervilles. When asked who could possibly play Holmes, Markey incredulously replied "Who?! Basil Rathbone!" The film was so successful that Fox produced a sequel that appeared later in 1939. Interest in Holmes cooled at Fox, but Universal Pictures picked up the character, and 12 feature films were made between 1941 and 1944 for release until 1947, all of which co-starred Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson.

The first two films, The Hound of the Baskervilles and The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (both produced by Fox in 1939), were set in the late Victorian times of the original stories. The later instalments, produced by Universal, beginning with Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror (1942), were set in contemporary times, with the first three having World War II-related plots.

Concurrent with the films, Rathbone and Bruce reprised their film roles in the radio series The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, which began in October 1939. Rathbone appeared in the radio series as long as the film series was active, but after the films lapsed in 1946, Rathbone ceded his radio part to Tom Conway. Conway and Bruce carried on with the series for two seasons, until both dropped out in July 1947.

The many Holmes sequels typecast Rathbone, and he was unable to become free from the shadow of the Great Detective despite appearing in other film roles. Resenting the typecasting, Rathbone refused to renew his contract at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and returned to Broadway. In later years, Rathbone willingly made the Holmes association, as in a TV sketch with Milton Berle in the early 1950s, in which he donned the deerstalker cap and Inverness cape. In the 1960s, dressed as Holmes, he appeared in a series of TV commercials for Getz Exterminators ("Getz gets 'em, since 1888!'").

Rathbone also brought Holmes to the stage in a play written by his wife Ouida. Thomas Gomez, who had appeared as a Nazi ringleader in Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror, played the villainous Professor Moriarty. Nigel Bruce was slated to portray Dr Watson once more but became too ill and the part was played by character actor Jack Raine. Bruce's absence depressed Rathbone, particularly after Bruce died on 8 October 1953, while the play was in rehearsals. The play ran for only three performances.

Later career

In the 1950s, Rathbone appeared in two spoofs of his earlier swashbuckling villains: Casanova's Big Night (1954) opposite Bob Hope and The Court Jester (1956) with Danny Kaye. He appeared frequently on TV game shows and continued to appear in major films, including the Humphrey Bogart comedy We're No Angels (1955) and John Ford's political drama The Last Hurrah (1958).

Rathbone also appeared on Broadway numerous times in this period. In 1948, he won a Tony Award for Best Actor for his performance as the unyielding Dr. Austin Sloper in the original production of The Heiress, which featured Wendy Hiller as his timid, spinster daughter. He also received accolades for his performance in Archibald Macleish's J.B., a modernisation of the Biblical trials of Job.

Through the 1950s and 1960s, he continued to appear in several dignified anthology programmes on television. To support his second wife's lavish tastes, he appeared as a panelist on the television game show The Name's the Same (in 1954), and he took roles in cheap film thrillers of far lesser quality, such as The Black Sleep (1956), Queen of Blood (1966), The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini (1966, wherein the character 'Eric Von Zipper' played by Harvey Lembeck jokes, "That guy looks like Sherlock Holmes"), Hillbillys in a Haunted House (1967, also featuring Lon Chaney Jr and John Carradine), and his last film, a low-budget, horror film called Autopsy of a Ghost (1968).

He is also known for his spoken word recordings, including his interpretation of Clement C. Moore's "The Night Before Christmas". Rathbone's readings of the stories and poems of Edgar Allan Poe are collected together with readings by Vincent Price in Caedmon Audio's The Edgar Allan Poe Audio Collection on CD.

In four Caedmon albums, Rathbone revisited his characterization of Sherlock Holmes. The first, "The Speckled Band" (Caedmon Records TC 1172, recorded in 1963), is a straight narration of the tale. In the rest, he changes his voice for each character, including a rendition of Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson.[12]

Rathbone also made many other recordings, including Oliver Twist, Prokofiev's Peter and the Wolf (with Leopold Stokowski conducting), and Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol.[12]

On television, he appeared in two musical versions of Dickens's A Christmas Carol: one in 1954, in which he played Marley's Ghost opposite Fredric March's Scrooge, and the original 1956 live action version of The Stingiest Man In Town, in which he starred as a singing Ebenezer Scrooge.

In the 1960s, he toured with a one-man show, In and Out of Character (the same title as his autobiography). He recited poetry and Shakespeare, accented by reminiscences from his life and career (including the humorous, "I could have killed Errol Flynn any time I wanted to!"). As an encore, he recited "221B" a poem written by writer-critic Vincent Starrett, one of the preeminent members of the Baker Street Irregulars whom Rathbone held in high regard.

Price and Rathbone appeared together, along with Boris Karloff, in Tower of London (1939) and The Comedy of Terrors (1963). The latter was the only film to feature the "Big Four" of American International Pictures' horror films: Price, Rathbone, Karloff and Peter Lorre. Rathbone appeared with Price in the final segment of Roger Corman's 1962 anthology film Tales of Terror, a loose dramatisation of Poe's "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar".

In 1965, Belmont Books issued the anthology Basil Rathbone Selects Strange Tales, a collection of horror stories by Poe, Hawthorne, Bulwer-Lytton, Charles Dickens, Allston Collins, Le Fanu, and Wilkie Collins. The volume features a cover portrait of Rathbone; however, the back cover's legend "Produced by Lyle Kenyon Engel" indicates the anthology probably was not edited by Rathbone. Canadian editor and book packager Engel packaged shows and magazines for other horror stars, including Boris Karloff.[13]

Basil Rathbone has three stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: one for films at 6549 Hollywood Boulevard; one for radio at 6300 Hollywood Boulevard; and one for television at 6915 Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood.

Personal life

Rathbone married actress Ethel Marion Foreman (1887–1976) in 1914. They had one son, Rodion Rathbone (1915–1996), who had a brief Hollywood career under the name John Rodion. The couple divorced in 1926. In the same year, he married writer Ouida Bergère; their infant child died in 1928. In 1939 the couple adopted a daughter, Cynthia Rathbone (1939–1969). The American actor Jackson Rathbone is a distant relation.[14]

Basil Rathbone was a first cousin once-removed of the British campaigning independent MP Eleanor Rathbone. He was the cousin of actor Frank Benson, to whom he bore a strong resemblance.[15]

During Rathbone's Hollywood career, Ouida Rathbone, who was also her husband's business manager, developed a reputation for hosting elaborate and expensive parties in their home, with many prominent and influential people on the guest lists. This trend inspired a joke in The Ghost Breakers (1940), a film in which Rathbone does not appear: During a tremendous thunderstorm in New York City, Bob Hope observes that "Basil Rathbone must be throwing a party". Actress Mrs Patrick Campbell described Rathbone as "two profiles pasted together".[16] As cited in the same autobiography, Mrs Campbell later referred to him as "a folded umbrella taking elocution lessons".[17]

He was a devout Episcopalian and a member of the Episcopal Actors Guild.[18]

Death

Rathbone died suddenly of a heart attack in New York City on 21 July 1967 at the age of 75. His body was interred in a crypt in the Shrine of Memories Mausoleum at Ferncliff Cemetery in Hartsdale, New York.[19]

Filmography

Year	Title	Role	Notes
1921	Innocent	Amadis de Jocelyn
	The Fruitful Vine	Don Cesare Carelli
1923	The School for Scandal	Joseph Surface
	The Loves of Mary, Queen of Scots	Undetermined role	Uncredited
1924	Trouping with Ellen	Tony Winterslip	Lost film
1925	The Masked Bride	Antoine	Lost film
1926	The Great Deception	Rizzio	Lost film
1929	The Last of Mrs. Cheyney	Lord Arthur Dilling
1930	The Bishop Murder Case	Philo Vance
	This Mad World	Paul Parisot
	A Notorious Affair	Paul Gherardi
	The Flirting Widow	Colonel John "Johnny" Vaughn-Smith
	The Lady of Scandal	Edward, Duke of Warrington
	The Lady Surrenders	Carl Vandry
	Sin Takes a Holiday	Reginald "Reggie" Durant
1932	A Woman Commands	Capt. Alex Pastitsch
	After the Ball	Jack Harrowby
1933	One Precious Year	Derek Nagel
	Loyalties	Ferdinand de Levis
1935	David Copperfield	Mr. Murdstone
	Anna Karenina	Karenin
	The Last Days of Pompeii	Pontius Pilate
	A Feather in Her Hat	Captain Randolph Courtney
	Kind Lady	Henry Abbott
	A Tale of Two Cities	Marquis St. Evremonde
	Captain Blood	Levasseur
1936	Private Number	Thomas Wroxton
	Romeo and Juliet	Tybalt – Nephew to Lady Capulet	Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
	The Garden of Allah	Count Ferdinand Anteoni
1937	Love from a Stranger	Gerald Lovell
	Confession	Michael Michailow, aka Michael Koslov
	Make a Wish	Johnny Selden
	Tovarich	Commissar Dimitri Gorotchenko
1938	The Adventures of Marco Polo	Ahmed
	The Adventures of Robin Hood	Sir Guy of Gisbourne
	If I Were King	King Louis XI	Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
	The Dawn Patrol	Major Brand
1939	Son of Frankenstein	Baron Wolf von Frankenstein
	The Hound of the Baskervilles	Sherlock Holmes
	The Sun Never Sets	Clive Randolph
	The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes	Sherlock Holmes
	Rio	Paul Reynard
	Tower of London	Richard – Duke of Gloucester
1940	Rhythm on the River	Oliver Courtney
	The Mark of Zorro	Captain Esteban Pasquale
1941	The Mad Doctor	Dr. George Sebastian	According to IMDb, it was released on 9 November 1940, in Mexico.
	The Black Cat	Montague Hartley
	International Lady	Reggie Oliver
	Paris Calling	Andre Benoit
1942	Fingers at the Window	Cesar Ferrari, alias Dr. H. Santelle
	Crossroads	Henri Sarrou
	Sherlock Holmes and the Voice of Terror	Sherlock Holmes
	Sherlock Holmes and the Secret Weapon	Sherlock Holmes
1943	Sherlock Holmes in Washington	Sherlock Holmes
	Above Suspicion	Sig von Aschenhausen
	Sherlock Holmes Faces Death	Sherlock Holmes
	Crazy House	Sherlock Holmes	Cameo appearance
	The Spider Woman	Sherlock Holmes
1944
	Bathing Beauty	George Adams
	The Pearl of Death	Sherlock Holmes
	The Scarlet Claw	Sherlock Holmes
	Frenchman's Creek	Lord Rockingham
1945	The House of Fear	Sherlock Holmes
	The Woman in Green	Sherlock Holmes
	Pursuit to Algiers	Sherlock Holmes
1946	Terror by Night	Sherlock Holmes
	Heartbeat	Professor Aristide
	Dressed to Kill	Sherlock Holmes
1949	The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad	Narrator	segment "The Wind in the Willows"
1953	Season's Greetings		TV movie
1954	Casanova's Big Night	Lucio / Narrator
	A Christmas Carol	Jacob Marley.	A Shower of Stars episode
	The General's Boots	General Lee	A Schlitz Playhouse episode
1955	We're No Angels	Andre Trochard
	Svengali and the Blonde	Svengali	TV movie
	The Court Jester	Sir Ravenhurst
1956	The Black Sleep	Sir Joel Cadman
	The Stingiest Man in Town	Ebeneezer Scrooge.	An Alcoa Hour episode[20]
1957	The Lark	Chief Inquisitor	TV movie
1958	Hans Brinker and the Silver Skates	Dr. Boekman	TV movie
	The Last Hurrah	Norman Cass, Sr.
1961	Victoria Regina	Benjamin Disraeli	Hallmark Hall of Fame TV movie adaptation of Laurence Housman's play Victoria Regina
	The Black Cat	Voices	A short
	Mystic Prophecies and Nostradamus	Narrator
1962	The Magic Sword	Lodac
	Ponzio Pilato	Caiaphas
	Tales of Terror	Carmichael	segment "The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar"
	Two Before Zero (aka Red Hell)	Narrator
1963	The Comedy of Terrors	John F. Black, Esq.
1965	Voyage to the Prehistoric Planet	Prof. Hartman, Lunar 7
	Dr. Rock and Mr. Roll
1966	Queen of Blood	Dr. Farraday
	The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini	Reginald Ripper
1967	Hillbillys in a Haunted House	Gregor	final film released during his lifetime
1968	Autopsia de un fantasma	Canuto Perez	final film role, released posthumously
1986	The Great Mouse Detective	Sherlock Holmes	archive sound, released posthumously

Radio appearances

Year	Program	Episode/source
1937	Lux Radio Theatre	Captain Blood[21]
1939–1946	The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes
1943	Lux Radio Theatre	The Phantom Of The Opera
1949	Tales of Fatima
1952	Theatre Guild on the Air	Oliver Twist[22]
1952	Theatre Guild on the Air	The Winslow Boy[23]

See also

• List of actors with Academy Award nominations

References

Further reading

• Alistair, Rupert (2018). "Basil Rathbone". The Name Below the Title : 65 Classic Movie Character Actors from Hollywood's Golden Age (softcover) (First ed.). Great Britain: Independently published. pp. 218–220. ISBN 978-1-7200-3837-5.
• Parker, John, ed. (1947). The Dramatic List; Who's Who in the Theatre; A Biographical Record of the Contemporary Stage (hardcover) (Tenth revised ed.). London: Sir Isaac Pitman. pp. 1183–1184.

External links

• Basil Rathbone at IMDb
• Basil Rathbone at the Internet Broadway Database
• Basil Rathbone at Find a Grave
• Biography
• Basil Rathbone at Virtual History
• Basil Rathbone bio on (re)Search my Trash

На других языках

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[de] Basil Rathbone

Philip St. John Basil Rathbone (* 13. Juni 1892 in Johannesburg, Südafrikanische Republik; † 21. Juli 1967 in New York City, New York, Vereinigte Staaten) war ein britischer Schauspieler. Seine bekannteste Rolle spielte er als Sherlock Holmes in insgesamt 14 Kriminalfilmen zwischen 1939 und 1946. Er zählt bis heute zu den beliebtesten und prägendsten Darstellern des Meisterdetektivs. Ebenfalls bekannt wurde Rathbone für die Darstellung eleganter Schurken in zahlreichen Abenteuerfilmen, Literaturverfilmungen und Horrorstreifen. In seiner profilierten Laufbahn als Theaterschauspieler wurde Rathbone mit dem Tony Award ausgezeichnet. Zweimal war er für den Oscar nominiert, und drei Sterne auf dem Hollywood Walk of Fame tragen seinen Namen.

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- [en] Basil Rathbone

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[es] Basil Rathbone

Basil Rathbone (Johannesburgo, 13 de junio de 1892 – Nueva York, Estados Unidos, 21 de julio de 1967) fue un actor británico que se hizo famoso por sus interpretaciones de Sherlock Holmes y de elegantes villanos en películas de espadachines tales como El signo del Zorro (1940) y Robin de los bosques (1938).

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[ru] Рэтбоун, Бэзил

Филип Сент-Джон Бэзил Рэтбоун MC (англ. Philip St. John Basil Rathbone; 13 июня 1892 (1892-06-13), Йоханнесбург, Республика Трансвааль — 21 июля 1967, Нью-Йорк, США) — английский актёр.

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