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The Wind Rises (Japanese: 風立ちぬ, Hepburn: Kaze Tachinu, lit. "The Wind Has Risen") is a 2013 Japanese animated historical drama film written and directed by Hayao Miyazaki, animated by Studio Ghibli for the Nippon Television Network, Dentsu, Hakuhodo DY Media Partners, Walt Disney Japan, Mitsubishi, Toho and KDDI. It was released in Japan on 20 July 2013 by Toho, and in North America by Touchstone Pictures on 21 February 2014.[5][6]

The Wind Rises
Japanese theatrical release poster
Japanese風立ちぬ
HepburnKaze Tachinu
LiterallyThe Wind Has Risen
Directed byHayao Miyazaki
Screenplay byHayao Miyazaki
Based onThe Wind Has Risen
by Tatsuo Hori and Eagles of Mitsubishi: The Story of the Zero Fighter
by Jiro Horikoshi
Produced byToshio Suzuki
Starring
CinematographyAtsushi Okui
Edited byTakeshi Seyama
Music byJoe Hisaishi
Production
company
Studio Ghibli
Distributed byToho
Release date
  • 20 July 2013 (2013-07-20) (Japan)
Running time
126 minutes[1]
CountryJapan
LanguageJapanese
BudgetUS$30 million[2]
Box officeUS$136.5 million[3][4]

The Wind Rises is a fictionalised biographical film of Jiro Horikoshi (1903–1982), designer of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter aircraft and its successor, the Mitsubishi A6M Zero, used by the Empire of Japan during World War II. The film was adapted from Miyazaki's manga of the same name, which itself combines elements from two unrelated sources; Tatsuo Hori's 1937 semi-autobiographical novel The Wind Has Risen and the life of Jiro Horikoshi.[7] It was the final film directed by Miyazaki, released just before the public announcement of his intention to retire in September 2013.[8]

The Wind Rises was the highest-grossing Japanese film in Japan in 2013. It was critically acclaimed and nominated for several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film, and the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of the Year.


Plot


Mitsubishi aircraft manufacturing factory, Nagoya
Mitsubishi aircraft manufacturing factory, Nagoya
Mampei Hotel, Karuizawa
Mampei Hotel, Karuizawa

In 1916, a young Jiro Horikoshi longs to become a pilot, but his nearsightedness prevents it. One night, he dreams of his idol, the Italian aircraft designer Giovanni Battista Caproni, who tells him that he has never flown a plane in his life, and that building planes is better than flying them. Seven years later after World War I ended, Jiro is traveling by train to study aeronautical engineering at Tokyo Imperial University and meets a young girl, Naoko Satomi, traveling with her maid. When the Great Kantō earthquake hits, Naoko's maid's leg is broken and Jiro helps Naoko carry her to Naoko's family home, leaving without giving his name.

In 1925, Jiro graduates with his friend Kiro Honjo and both are employed at aircraft manufacturer Mitsubishi, assigned to design a fighter plane, the Mitsubishi 1MF9, for the Imperial Army. During a test, it breaks apart in midair and is rejected. Dispirited about what he perceives as the backwardness of Japanese aircraft technology, Jiro is sent with Honjo to the Weimar Republic in 1929 to carry out technical research and obtain a production license for a Junkers G.38 aircraft. Jiro dreams again of Caproni, who tells him that the world is better for the beauty of planes, even if humankind might put them to terrible purposes.

In early 1932, Jiro is promoted to chief designer for a fighter plane competition sponsored by the Imperial Navy, but his design, the Mitsubishi 1MF10, fails testing in 1933 and is rejected. Disappointed, he goes to a summer resort in Karuizawa to rest, where he meets Naoko again. Hans Castorp, a German visitor privately critical of the Nazi regime, tells Jiro, who intends to visit Dessau, that Hugo Junkers is in trouble for fighting Nazism and that Germany will go to war again and must be stopped.

Later, Jiro asks Naoko's father for his blessing to marry her, and the two are engaged. However, Nahoko has tuberculosis and wants to wait until she recovers to marry. Castorp assists in the romance before fleeing arrest by the Japanese secret police. Wanted in connection with Castorp, Jiro hides at his supervisor's home while he works on a new fighter aircraft project for the Imperial Navy. Following a lung hemorrhage, Naoko recovers in a mountain sanatorium but cannot bear being apart from Jiro and returns to marry him. Jiro's sister Kayo, a doctor, warns Jiro that his marriage to Naoko will end tragically as tuberculosis is incurable. Though Naoko's health deteriorates, she and Jiro enjoy their time together.

Jiro leaves for the test flight of his new prototype aircraft, the Mitsubishi A5M. Knowing that she will die soon, Naoko returns to the sanatorium, leaving letters for Jiro, her family, and friends. At the test site, Jiro is distracted from his success by a gust of wind, suggesting Naoko's passing. In the summer of 1945, after Japan lost World War II, Jiro dreams of Caproni again, regretting that his aircraft was used for war. Caproni comforts him, saying that Jiro's dream of building beautiful aircraft was nonetheless realized. Naoko appears, encouraging her husband to live his life to the fullest. Jiro and Caproni walk together into their shared kingdom of dreams.


Voice cast


CharacterJapaneseEnglish[9]
Jiro Horikoshi (堀越 二郎, Horikoshi Jirō) Hideaki Anno[10]
Kaichi Kaburagi (Young)		 Joseph Gordon-Levitt[11]
Zach Callison (Young)
Nahoko Satomi (里見 菜穂子, Satomi Nahoko) Miori Takimoto
Mayu Iino (Young)		 Emily Blunt
Madeleine Rose Yen (Young)
Kiro Honjo (本庄 季郎, Honjō Kirō) Hidetoshi Nishijima John Krasinski
Kurokawa (黒川) Masahiko Nishimura Martin Short
Hans Castorp (カストルプ, Kasutorupu) Stephen Alpert Werner Herzog
Satomi (里見) Morio Kazama William H. Macy
Jiro's mother (二郎の母, Jirō no haha) Keiko Takeshita Edie Mirman
Kayo Horikoshi (堀越 加代, Horikoshi Kayo) Mirai Shida
Maki Shinta (Young)		 Mae Whitman
Eva Bella (Young)
Hattori (服部) Jun Kunimura Mandy Patinkin
Mrs. Kurokawa (黒川夫人, Kurokawa fujin) Shinobu Otake Jennifer Grey
Giovanni Battista Caproni (カプローニ, Kapurōni) Nomura Mansai Stanley Tucci
Kinu (絹) Haruka Shibuya Mae Whitman
Sone (曽根) Elijah Wood
Mitsubishi employee (三菱の従業員, Mitsubishi no jūgyōin) Ronan Farrow
Katayama (片山) Darren Criss
Flight Engineer David Cowgill

Production



Development


The film's title comes from the poetic line:
"Le vent se lève!... Il faut tenter de vivre! ("The wind rises!... We must try to live!")" ' — Paul Valéry, "Le Cimetière Marin" (The Graveyard by the Sea).[12][13]

The Wind Rises was directed by Hayao Miyazaki, whose previous films include My Neighbor Totoro, Princess Mononoke and Spirited Away.[14] It was the first film Miyazaki solely directed since Ponyo in 2008.[15]

Miyazaki began to conceive a story to illustrate the life of Jiro Horikoshi in 2008.[16] He published the story as a manga series in the monthly magazine Model Graphix from April 2009 to January 2010, with the title borrowed from Tatsuo Hori's novel The Wind Has Risen (風立ちぬ?).[17]

The story in the manga follows the historical account of Horikoshi's aircraft development up to 1935 (the year of the Mitsubishi A5M's maiden flight),[18] and intertwines with fictional encounters with Caproni and Nahoko Satomi (里見菜穂子?).[19] The scenes with Nahoko in the manga were adopted from the novel The Wind Has Risen,[16] in which Tatsuo Hori wrote about his life experience with his fiancée, Ayako Yano (矢野綾子?), before she died from tuberculosis. The name Nahoko Satomi was borrowed from the female protagonist of another novel by Tatsuo Hori, Nahoko (菜穂子?).[20] In real life however, Horikoshi's wife was called Sumako; she was not sickly, and their marriage produced six children.

Characters frequently discuss Thomas Mann's novel The Magic Mountain, and, in a letter to Nahoko, Jiro names his fleeing German friend "Mr. Castorp" after its protagonist.[21][22] The character himself is a caricature of Stephen Alpert, who was once the executive director of Ghibli's international division. He left the company in 2011 for personal reasons, but was instrumental in Ghibli's overseas expansion. He was asked to return to Japan to model for the character's appearance and a suitable voice.[23]

After the release of Ponyo, Miyazaki wanted his next film to be a sequel, Ponyo on the Cliff by the Sea II, but producer Toshio Suzuki proposed to adopt the manga The Wind Has Risen instead. At first, Miyazaki rejected the proposal because he created the manga as a hobby and considered its subjects not suitable for children, the traditional audience of Studio Ghibli's features. However, he changed his mind when a staff member suggested that "children should be allowed to be exposed to subjects they are not familiar with".[24] He was also inspired to make the film after reading a quote from Horikoshi: "All I wanted to do was to make something beautiful".[25]


Music


The film's score was composed and conducted by Joe Hisaishi, and performed by the Yomiuri Nippon Symphony Orchestra.

The film also includes singer-songwriter Yumi Matsutoya's 1973 song "Hikō-ki Gumo" (ひこうき雲). Matsutoya had collaborated with Studio Ghibli on Kiki's Delivery Service, which features her songs Rouge no Dengon (ルージュの伝言) and Yasashisa ni Tsutsumaretanara (やさしさに包まれたなら). Producer Suzuki recommended "Hikōki-gumo" to Miyazaki in December 2012, feeling the lyrics resembled the story of The Wind Rises.[26]

The film's soundtrack was released in Japan on 17 July 2013 by Tokuma Japan Communications.[27]

Das gibt's nur einmal (English: It only happens once) is the German song Hans Castorp sings while playing the piano at Hotel Kusakaru in the film. Jiro Horikoshi and Nahoko's father later join the singing. The song was composed by Werner Richard Heymann for the German movie Der Kongreß tanzt.


Release


The Wind Rises was to have been released simultaneously with The Tale of the Princess Kaguya, another Ghibli film by Isao Takahata, in Japan in mid-2013.[15] It would have been the first time the two directors' works were released together since the release of My Neighbor Totoro and Grave of the Fireflies in 1988.[15] However, Princess Kaguya was delayed until 23 November 2013, and[28] The Wind Rises was released on 20 July 2013.[25]

The film played in competition at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.[29][30] It had its official North American premiere at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival,[31] although a sneak preview was presented earlier at the 2013 Telluride Film Festival, outside of the official program.[32]

Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures distributed the film in North America through its Touchstone Pictures banner.[5] English dubbing was directed by Gary Rydstrom.[33] Disney held a one-week release window in the Los Angeles theatrical circuit beginning on 8 November 2013, so that it could qualify for Academy Awards consideration.[34] It was released theatrically on 21 February 2014 in select cities, with wide release on 28 February.[35] It was released in the United Kingdom on 9 May 2014 by StudioCanal.[36]


Home media


Walt Disney Studios Japan released the movie on Blu-ray Disc and DVD in Japan on 18 June 2014.[37] The Japanese DVD release sold 128,784 units until 7 December 2014[38] and a further 6,735 units between 8 December 2014 and 7 June 2015,[39] for a combined 141,245 DVD units as of 7 June 2015.

In the United States, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released the film on Blu-ray Disc and DVD on 18 November 2014. The release includes supplement features with storyboards, the original Japanese trailers and TV spots, a "Behind the Microphone" featurette with members of the English voice cast, and a video from when the film was announced to be completed. The audio for both English and Japanese language is monophonic (DTS-HD MA 1.0).[40] Even though the North American rights Disney owned on Studio Ghibli films expired in 2017, Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment continued to distribute The Wind Rises until 2020, when GKIDS re-released it on DVD and Blu-ray on 22 September 2020 with distribution through Shout! Factory (and, later, Universal Pictures Home Entertainment).[41] The re-release took longer than with other Studio Ghibli titles as it was still a fairly new film, and Disney still held the US rights.[citation needed]

The film has grossed over $9 million from physical DVD and Blu-ray sales in the US as of April 2022.[42] In the United Kingdom, it was 2015's fifth best-selling foreign-language film on home video, and third best-selling Asian film (below The Raid 2 and The Tale of the Princess Kaguya).[43]


Reception



Box office


The film grossed ¥11.6 billion (US$113 million)[44] at the Japanese box office, the highest-grossing film in Japan in 2013.[45]


Critical response


Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes sampled 179 reviews and judged 88% of them positive, giving the film a "Certified Fresh" rating, with an average score of 7.91/10. The consensus states: "The Wind Rises is a fittingly bittersweet swan song for director Hayao Miyazaki".[46] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score, rated the film an 83/100 based on 41 reviews, citing "universal acclaim".[47]

Critic David Ehrlich rated the film 9.7/10 and called it "perhaps the greatest animated film ever made." He wrote: "While initially jarring, Miyazaki's unapologetic deviations from fact help The Wind Rises to transcend the linearity of its expected structure, the film eventually revealing itself to be less of a biopic than it is a devastatingly honest lament for the corruption of beauty, and how invariably pathetic the human response to that loss must be. Miyazaki’s films are often preoccupied with absence, the value of things left behind and how the ghosts of beautiful things are traced onto our memories like the shadows of objects outlined by a nuclear flash. The Wind Rises looks back as only a culminating work can."[48] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian called the film "visually exquisite and emotionally charged".[49] Film critic Mark Kermode called it "a rich treat for the eye and soul alike.".[50]

The Japan Times gave the film 3 1⁄2 stars out of 5, and stated, "A visually sumptuous celebration of an unspoiled prewar Japan."[51] In a review for The Asia-Pacific Journal, Matthew Penney wrote: "What Miyazaki offers is a layered look at how Horikoshi's passion for flight was captured by capital and militarism"; and that it was "one of Miyazaki's most ambitious and thought-provoking visions as well as one of his most beautifully realized visual projects".[52]


Controversy


In Japan, The Wind Rises received criticism from both the political right[25] and from the Japan Society for Tobacco Control.[53] Miyazaki added to the controversy by publishing an essay in which he criticized the proposal by Japan's right-wing Liberal Democratic Party to change Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution to allow Japan to remilitarize.[25][53][54]

In an interview with the Asahi Shimbun, he said he had "very complex feelings" about World War II since, as a pacifist, he felt militarist Japan had acted out of "foolish arrogance". However, he also said that the Zero plane "represented one of the few things we Japanese could be proud of—[they] were a truly formidable presence, and so were the pilots who flew them".[53]


Accolades


The Wind Rises received 13 nominations and 17 awards for "Best Animated Feature", including one Academy Award nomination.[55] Hayao Miyazaki won the award for Writing in an Animated Feature Production at the 41st Annie Awards.[56] The film's musical composer, Joe Hisaishi, received the Japan Academy Prize for Best Music Score.[57] The film was also selected as "Audience Favorite – Animation" at the Mill Valley Film Festival.[58]

List of awards and nominations for The Wind Rises
Award Date of ceremony Category Recipients and nominees Result
Academy Awards[55] 2 March 2014 Best Animated Feature Hayao Miyazaki, Toshio Suzuki Nominated
Alliance of Women Film Journalists[59] 19 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Hayao Miyazaki Won
Annie Awards[56][60][61] 1 February 2014 Best Animated Feature The Wind Rises
Studio Ghibli, Touchstone Pictures		 Nominated
Character Animation in a Feature Production Kitaro Kosaka Nominated
Writing in an Animated Feature Production Hayao Miyazaki Won
Asia Pacific Screen Awards 12 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Film Toshio Suzuki, Japan Nominated
Boston Online Film Critics Association 7 December 2013 Best Animated Film Won:
Tied with Frozen
Boston Society of Film Critics 8 December 2013 Best Animated Film Won
Chicago Film Critics Association 16 December 2013 Best Foreign — Language Film Nominated
Best Animated Feature Won
Critics' Choice Movie Award[62] 16 January 2014 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics 16 December 2013 Best Foreign Language Film Nominated
Denver Film Critics Society[63][64] 13 January 2014 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Florida Film Critics Circle 18 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Runner-up
Georgia Film Critics Association[65] 10 January 2014 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Golden Globe Awards[66][67] 12 January 2014 Best Foreign Language Film Nominated
Houston Film Critics Society[68] 15 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Nominated
IGN's Best of 2013 Awards[69] 10 January 2014 Best Animated Movie Nominated
Indiana Film Critics Association[70] 19 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Runner-up
International Cinephile Society[71] 23 February 2014 Best Animated Film Runner-up
Iowa Film Critics[72] 10 January 2014 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Japan Academy Prize[57][73] 7 March 2014 Animation of the Year Won
Best Music Score Joe Hisaishi Won
Las Vegas Film Critics Society 18 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association 8 December 2013 Best Animation Runner-up
Mill Valley Film Festival 13 October 2013 Audience Favorite – Animation Hayao Miyazaki Won
National Board of Review 7 January 2014 Best Animated Film Won
New York Film Critics Circle 3 December 2013 Best Animated Film Won
New York Film Critics Online 8 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Won
New York Film Festival 13 October 2013 Grand Marnier Fellowship Award for Best Film Nominated
Online Film Critics Society 16 December 2013 Best Picture Nominated
Best Director Hayao Miyazaki Nominated
Best Animated Feature Won
Best Film Not in the English Language Nominated
Best Adapted Screenplay Hayao Miyazaki Nominated
Phoenix Film Critics Society 17 December 2013 Best Animated Film Nominated
San Diego Film Critics Society 17 December 2013 Best Animated Film Won
San Francisco Film Critics Circle[74] 15 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Won
San Sebastián International Film Festival 20 September 2013 Audience Award Nominated
St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association 16 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Runner-up
Satellite Awards 23 February 2014 Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media Won
Southeastern Film Critics Association[75] 16 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Toronto Film Critics Association[76][77] 17 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Won
Toronto International Film Festival 15 September 2013 People's Choice Award for Best Drama Feature Film Nominated
Utah Film Critics Association[78] 20 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Runner-up:
Tied with From Up on Poppy Hill
Venice Film Festival 7 September 2013 Golden Lion Nominated
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association 9 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Women Film Critics Circle 16 December 2013 Best Animated Feature Nominated
Best Family Film Won

See also



References


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Wikiquote has quotations related to The Wind Rises.

На других языках

- [en] The Wind Rises

[es] Kaze Tachinu

Kaze Tachinu[1] (風立ちぬ, Kaze Tachinu?, lit. El viento se alza), conocida en España como El viento se levanta y en Hispanoamérica como Se levanta el viento, es una película japonesa de animación estrenada el 20 de julio de 2013 por la productora japonesa Studio Ghibli, basada en la novela corta homónima de Tatsuo Hori y en el manga homónimo de Hayao Miyazaki. Es la undécima película escrita y dirigida por Hayao Miyazaki (La princesa Mononoke, El viaje de Chihiro, Howl no Ugoku Shiro) dentro de Studio Ghibli y la duodécima de su filmografía.[2] Se trata del vigésimo largometraje producido por Ghibli.[3]

[it] Si alza il vento

Si alza il vento (風立ちぬ Kaze tachinu?), è un film d'animazione del 2013 scritto e diretto da Hayao Miyazaki e prodotto dallo Studio Ghibli, con Nippon Television, Dentsu, Hakuhodo DY Media Partners, Walt Disney Japan, Mitsubishi, KDDI e Toho, che l'ha anche distribuito[1].

[ru] Ветер крепчает

«Ветер крепчает» (яп. 風立ちぬ кадзэ татину) — полнометражный анимационный фильм режиссёра Хаяо Миядзаки[5], снятый на студии «Гибли» и выпущенный в 2013 году. Мировые кассовые сборы превысили $136 млн[6]. Музыкальный лейтомотив — песня Юми Мацутои 1973 года «Белая полоса» (яп. ひこうき雲).


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