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Camilo José Cela y Trulock, 1st Marquess of Iria Flavia (Spanish: [kamilo xoˈse ˈθela]; 11 May 1916 – 17 January 2002) was a Spanish novelist, poet, story writer and essayist associated with the Generation of '36 movement.

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Cela and the second or maternal family name is Trulock.
Camilo José Cela
BornCamilo José Cela y Trulock
(1916-05-11)11 May 1916
Iria Flavia, Galicia, Spain
Died17 January 2002(2002-01-17) (aged 85)
Madrid, Spain
Resting placeIria Flavia cemetery
OccupationNovelist, short story writer, essayist
LanguageSpanish
Notable worksThe Family of Pascual Duarte, The Hive
Notable awardsNobel Prize in Literature
1989
SpouseMaría del Rosario Conde Picavea (m. 1944–div. 1990)
Marina Concepción Castaño López (m. 1991–2002)
(his death)
ChildrenCamilo José Cela Conde

He was awarded the 1989 Nobel Prize in Literature "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability".[1]


Childhood and early career


Camilo José Cela was born in the rural parish of Iria Flavia, in Padrón, A Coruña, Spain, on 11 May 1916.[2] He was the oldest child of nine.[3] His father, Camilo Crisanto Cela y Fernández, was Galician. His mother, Camila Emanuela Trulock y Bertorini, was a Galician of English and Italian ancestry. The family was upper-middle-class and Cela described his childhood as being "so happy it was hard to grow up."[3]

He lived with his family in Vigo from 1921 to 1925, when they moved to Madrid. There, Cela studied at a Piarist school. In 1931 he was diagnosed with tuberculosis and admitted to the sanatorium of Guadarrama, where he took advantage of his free time to work on his novel Pabellón de reposo. While recovering from the illness Cela began intensively reading works by José Ortega y Gasset and Antonio de Solís y Ribadeneyra.

The Spanish Civil War broke out in 1936 when Cela was 20 years old and just recovering from his illness. His political leanings were conservative and he escaped to the rebel zone. He enlisted himself as a soldier but was wounded and hospitalized in Logroño.


Career


The civil war ended in 1939; after the war, Cela became indecisive towards his university studies and ended up working in a bureau of textile industries. It was here where he began to write what would become his first novel, La familia de Pascual Duarte (The Family of Pascual Duarte), which was finally published when he was 26, in 1942. Pascual Duarte has trouble finding validity in conventional morality and commits a number of crimes, including murders, for which he feels nothing. The novel is of particular importance as it played a large part in shaping the direction of the post-World War II Spanish novel.[citation needed]

Camilo José Cela (right) in 1988.
Camilo José Cela (right) in 1988.

Cela became a censor in Francoist Spain in 1943.[4] Perhaps his best-known work was produced during a period where his own writing came under scrutiny from his fellow censors, including La colmena (The Hive) which was published in Buenos Aires in 1951, having been banned in Spain.[5] The novel features more than 300 characters and a style showing the influence of both Spanish realism and contemporary English and French-language authors. Cela's signature style—a sarcastic, often grotesque, form of realism—is epitomized in La colmena.

From the late 1960s, with the publication of San Camilo 1936, Cela's work became increasingly experimental. In 1988 he wrote Cristo versus Arizona (Christ versus Arizona), which tells the story of the Gunfight at the O.K. Corral in a single sentence that is more than one hundred pages long.


Legacy


On 26 May 1957, Cela was appointed a member of the Royal Spanish Academy and given Seat Q. He was appointed Royal Senator in the Constituent Cortes, where he exerted some influence in the wording of the Spanish Constitution of 1978. In 1987, he was awarded the Prince of Asturias Award for Literature.

Cela was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1989 "for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability".[6]

In 1994, he was awarded the Premio Planeta,[7] although some question the objectivity of the awards, and winners on occasion have refused to accept it.[citation needed] Two years later, in recognition of his contributions to literature, Cela was ennobled on 17 May 1996 by King Juan Carlos I, who gave Cela the hereditary title of Marquess of Iria Flavia in the nobility of Spain. On his death the title passed to his son Camilo José Cela Conde.

Cela's arms as 1st Marquess of Iria Flavia (1996)
Cela's arms as 1st Marquess of Iria Flavia (1996)

Controversies


The Hive was first published in Argentina, as Franco's Spanish State banned it because of the perceived immorality of its content referencing erotic themes. This meant that his name could no longer appear in the printed media.[8] Nevertheless, Cela remained loyal to Francoist Spain, even working as an informer for the Spanish secret police by reporting on the activities of dissident groups[9] and betraying fellow intellectuals.[10]

In his later years Cela became known for his scandalous outbursts; in an interview with Mercedes Milá for Spanish state television he boasted of his ability to absorb litres of water via his anus while offering to demonstrate.[11] Cela had already scandalized Spanish society with his Diccionario secreto (Secret Dictionary, 1969–1971), a dictionary of slang and taboo words.

Cela described[when?] the Spanish Cervantes Prize for lifetime achievement as a writer as being "covered with shit".[12] In 1995 he was offered the prize, which he accepted.

In 1998, Cela expressed discomfort towards the presence of homosexual groups at the commemoration of Federico García Lorca's centenary, stating that, "For me, I would prefer a more straightforward and less anecdotal commemoration without the support of gay groups. I have nothing against gays, I just do not take it up the ass".[13]


Death


Cela died from heart disease on 17 January 2002 at the Hospital Centro in Madrid, aged 85. He was buried in his hometown at the parish cemetery of Santa María de Adina.[14]

Cela's will was contested because he favoured his widow and second younger wife, Marina Castaño, over his son Camilo José Cela Conde from his first marriage to Rosario Conde.[15]


Selected works



Spanish



Novels


Short-story collections


Drama and poetry collections


Travel writing


Essays


Criticism


Reference works


Memoirs


Correspondence


Collected works


English translations



See also



References


  1. "Nobel Prize in Literature 1989". Nobel Foundation. Retrieved 2008-10-17.
  2. "Camilo José Cela - Biographical". www.nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  3. Eaude, Michael (2002-01-18). "Obituary: Camilo José Cela". The Guardian. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
  4. El censor censurado; cien añ0s de Camilo José Cela
  5. The modern novel: Camilo José Cela: La colmena (The hive)
  6. Nobel prize citation
  7. Camilo José Cela
  8. The Paris Review
  9. Unearthing Franco's Legacy, p.15 University of Notre Dame Press, ISBN 0-268-03268-8
  10. "Spanish novelist spied for Franco's regime". The Guardian. 25 September 2004.
  11. Todos los títulos fueron suyos Archived 2007-10-07 at the Wayback Machine, Luis Ventoso, La Voz de Galicia, 18 January 2002.
  12. La leyenda del gran provocador, Ángel Vivas, El Mundo, 18 January 2002.
  13. Artículo homófobo sobre Lorca
  14. BBC obituary
  15. Viuda e hijo, enfrentados por su herencia


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Camilo José Cela.
Political offices
Preceded by
Title jointly held
 Spanish Senator
1977–1979		 Succeeded by
Title jointly held
Awards
Preceded by Recipient of the Prince of Asturias Award for Literature
1987		 Succeeded by
José Angel Valente
Carmen Martín Gaite
Preceded by Recipient of the Nobel Prize for Literature
1989		 Succeeded by
Preceded by Recipient of the Miguel de Cervantes Prize
1995		 Succeeded by
Spanish nobility
New title Marquess of Iria Flavia
1996–2002		 Succeeded by

На других языках

- [en] Camilo José Cela

[es] Camilo José Cela

Camilo José Cela y Trulock[1] (Iria Flavia, Padrón, La Coruña, 11 de mayo de 1916-Madrid, 17 de enero de 2002) fue un escritor español. Autor prolífico y representante de la literatura de posguerra, ejerció como novelista, periodista, ensayista, editor de revistas literarias y conferenciante. Fue académico de la Real Academia Española y resultó galardonado, entre otros, con el Premio Príncipe de Asturias de las Letras en 1987, el Premio Nobel de Literatura en 1989 y el Premio Cervantes en 1995.

[ru] Села, Камило Хосе

Камило Хосе Села (исп. Camilo José Cela; 11 мая 1916, Ирия Флавия[en], Испания — 17 января 2002, Мадрид, Испания) — испанский писатель и публицист, лауреат Нобелевской премии по литературе 1989 года, член Королевской академии наук Испании (1957), лауреат Премии Сервантеса (1995). Многие свои произведения посвятил представителям поколения 1898 года. Именно оттуда питается вся современная испанская литература.


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